Emission Controls for Marine Vessels

1. Emission Controls forMarine Vessels Presentation for The 1999 International WorkBoat Show Jean Marie Revelt Alan Stout US-EPA-OMS December 2, 1999

2. The Need to Control EmissionsFromCommercial Marine Diesel Engines

3. Marine Emission Inventory • Commercial marine engines are an important source of harmful air pollutants • These emissions occur in concentrated areas: in ports, along coast lines, along rivers • These are places with large populations that often have serious air pollution problems

4. Marine Emission Inventory • Marine diesel engine emissions contain • Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx) • Important part of urban haze • Causes smog and acid rain • Can harm humans and vegetation • May cause increased susceptibility to respiratory illness and pulmonary infection, and breathing difficulties for asthmatics • Diesel Particulate Matter (PM) • Typically consists of a solid core, composed mainly of elemental carbon, with a coating of various organic and inorganic compounds • Small size -- increases likelihood that they will reach and lodge in the deepest and most sensitive areas of lungs • Affects breathing and respiratory symptoms and can cause increased respiratory disease and lung damage • Also damages paint, soils, clothing, and reduces visibility

5. Marine Regulatory Regimes • There are 2 programs designed to reduce air pollution from marine engines and vessels • Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) • Adopted by IMO on September 26, 1997 • The Annex will go into force internationally when 15 states representing not less than 50% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping have ratified it • EPA’s national commercial diesel marine engine requirements • Covers NOx, HC, PM, and CO emissions from marine diesel engines greater than 37 kW • Proposed 12/11/98: 63 FR 68508; finalized 11/23/99 • Smaller marine diesel engines were included in the nonroad Tier 2 rule: 63 FR 56967, 10/23/98

6. MARPOL Annex VI Requirements

7. MARPOL Annex VI • Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) contains several air pollution requirements for marine vessels • Substances covered • Ozone depleting substances -- Regulation 12 • Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) -- Regulation 13 • Sulfur Oxides (SOx) -- Regulation 14 • VOCs -- Regulation 15 • Shipboard Incineration -- Regulation 16 • Fuel Oil Quality -- Regulation 18

8. MARPOL Engine Requirements • The Regulation 13 engine emission limits are only for NOx • Limits apply to engines at or above 130 kW and are based on a NOx curve that depends on engine speed • Applicable to • Engines installed on vessels constructed on or after 1 January 2000 • Engines that undergo a major conversion on or after 1 January 2000

9. MARPOL Engine Requirements • Engine manufacturers will demonstrate compliance with the standards • They will obtain an Engine International Air Pollution (EIAPP) from EPA • Until the Annex goes into force for the United States, EPA will be issuing a Statement of Compliance • There will be a process to exchange these for EIAPPs later • Vessel owners will need an EIAPP to obtain an International Air Pollution Prevention (IAPP) Certificate for their vessel • This certificate, issued by the Coast Guard, will be a requirement for certain vessels once the Annex goes into force for the United States • To make sure you can get an IAPP • If you purchase a new vessel constructed on or after 1 January 2000, you should make sure the engine meets the Regulation 13 NOx requirements • If you modify an engine on your vessel on or after 1 January 2000, you may need to demonstrate compliance with the limits

10. MARPOL Engine Requirements • In addition to the EIAPP, two other engine-related documents must be kept onboard the vessel • They are needed for surveys, after the Annex goes into force • Engine Technical File • NOx critical components, settings, and operating values • Range of adjustments • Engine performance • Onboard NOx verification procedure • Restrictions • Spare part specifications • Copy of parent engine test report • Engine Record Book of Engine Parameters • Document for recording all parameter changes, including components and engine settings, which may affect the engine’s NOx emissions • This record book will be examined during surveys

11. MARPOL Fuel Requirements • 3 MARPOL regulations affect fuel • MARPOL SOx requirements (Regulation 14) • Sets maximum sulfur content : 4.5% m/m (45,000 ppm) • World average is approximately 35,000 ppm; can be up to 70,000 ppm • Most domestic diesel engines use nonroad distillate: 2,000 to 3,000 ppm • Sulfur Dioxide is also a harmful air pollutant • Causes smog • Can affect human health, especially among asthmatics • Can also harm vegetation and metals • Can impair visibility • Can acidify lakes and streams • Establishes SOx Emission Control Areas • In these areas the sulfur content of fuel cannot exceed 1.5% m/m (15,000 ppm) • There are no SOx Emission Control Areas in the U.S. at this time

12. MARPOL Fuel Requirements • MARPOL Fuel Oil Quality requirements (Regulation 18) • Sets other requirements for fuel oil used onboard ships • Compliance is demonstrated through bunker delivery notes • These must be kept on board vessels subject to inspection requirements for 3 years • MARPOL Shipboard Incineration requirements (Regulation 16) • Ships can burn sewage sludge and sludge oil only if generated during the normal operation of a ship

13. Additional Information • EPA’s website has copies of MARPOL Annex VI documents • The Annex • The NOx Technical Code • Frequently Asked Questions factsheet • www.epa.gov/oms/marine.htm • For additional questions on MARPOL: • Revelt.Jean-Marie@EPA.gov

14. U.S EPA Requirements

15. Background • EPA has set emission standards for most categories of nonroad engines • New standards for gasoline marine engines in 1996 • New standards for nonroad diesel and locomotive engines in 1998

16. What’s In • Standards apply to engine manufacturer • For new engines installed on U.S.-flagged vessels • At or above 37 kW • Less than 30 L/cyl • Commercial only • Propulsion and auxiliary

17. What’s Out • Engines made before the standards apply • Most remanufacturing is unaffected • Recreational engines • Engines on foreign-trade vessels

18. Primary Emission Standards • Category 1 • All new engines < 5 liters/cylinder • Standards comparable to land-based Tier 2 levels • Category 2 • All new engines 5 to 30 liters/cylinder • Standards comparable to locomotive levels

19. Tier 2 Standards

20. Not-to-Exceed Standards • Manufacturers need to show engines are clean under real operating conditions • engine operation around propeller curve • range of ambient air and water conditions

21. Illustration of Not-to-Exceed Zone

22. Operator Responsibilities • New vessels need certified engines • Repower • Rebuilding/remanufacturing • Engine labels • Tampering • Warranty • Aftermarket parts

23. Additional Information • EPA’s website will have copies of various fact sheets supporting the November 1999 final rulemaking • Emission Standards for New Commercial Marine Diesel Engines • Marine Diesel Engine Emission Standards: Scope of Application • Rebuilding Diesel Engines • Responsibilities for Marine Vessel Operators with EPA-Certified Engines • Organization of Gasoline and Diesel Marine Engine Emission Standards • www.epa.gov/oms/marine.htm • For additional questions on U.S. EPA requirements: • stout.alan@epa.gov