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Innovators of the Germ Theory: Pioneers of Microbiology

Explore the origins of microbiology and the significance of the Germ Theory, which links diseases to microorganisms. Learn about key figures like Koch, Semmelweis, Pasteur, and Fleming, and their contributions to medical advancements. Discover groundbreaking discoveries such as penicillin and pasteurization that revolutionized disease control and prevention.

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Innovators of the Germ Theory: Pioneers of Microbiology

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  1. The Germ Theory Emily Reimert, Ryleigh Rosta and Tara Wussler

  2. Overview

  3. What is Microbiology Microbiology– The study of microorganisms • Includes Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Microorganism–Microscopic organism  • Bacteria, Algae, Fungus, NOT viruses  TW

  4. What is the Germ Theory? The Germ Theory– The Scientific theory of disease • Diseases are caused by microorganisms • Invasion of a host Pathogen– Microorganism causing an  infectiousdisease TW

  5. TW Why is the Germ Theory Important? • Advancing the medical field • Links hygiene and sanitation to bacteria • Prevents epidemics • Ex. Vaccinations

  6. TW Important Figures Robert Koch (1905)  Four Postulates– Microorganisms  specific relations to disease Ignaz Semmelweis  (1847) –Puerperal Fever rates drop by handwashing Louis Pasteur (1860-1864)- Disease controlled by sterilization  Alexander Fleming (1923)–  The first antibiotic (Penicillin) 

  7. Ignaz Semmelweis • Discovered importance of handwashing • Identified cause of puerperal fever(childbed fever) • Advocated for use of antiseptics • Related deaths decreased    ER

  8. Semmelweis' Research • Compared maternity clinics • One clinic = medical students & male doctors = higher death rate • Second clinic = female midwives = lower death rate  • Discovered people contract childbed fever  ER

  9. Louis Pasteur • Discovered germscause sickness • Founded pasteurization process • Created vaccinations (Ex. anthraxand rabies)  • Founded method to detect silk worms ER

  10. Pasteur’s Research • Examined liquids like milk, wine, and vinegar  • Found air-borne microbes polluted liquids  • Studied silk industry and dangers of silk worms • Found microbes could transmit diseasesto humans ER

  11. Robert Koch  • "Magic Bullets" attack specificbacteria • Noble Peace Prize Winner-  1905 •  Tested on sheep • Stainedbacteria for easy visibility • Causes of tuberculosis and cholera  RR

  12. Koch's Postulates • Pathogens are found in sick organisms • Grown in laboratories for pure culture • Cultured pathogens cause originaldiseases • Injected pathogens are identical to host RR

  13. Alexander Fleming • Created Penicillin – First Anti-Biotic • Discovery of lysosomes, destroys bacteria • Observed bacteria in petri-dishes • Nobel Peace Prize Winner – 1945 RR

  14. Discovery of Penicillin  • Plate of staphylococcus left uncovered •   accidental discovery • Noticed a mold killed bacteria • Mold - penicillium notatum • February 14th, 1929 discovery is released RR

  15. Which one is NOT a microorganism? A- Bacteria B- Fungus C- Algae D- Virus  D

  16. What is a pathogen? A- microorganism causing an infectious disease  B- a type of vaccine C- an antibody D- a germ   A

  17. What did Semmelweis discover the importance of ? A- Silk Worms B- Microbes C- Chlorine D- Handwashing D ER

  18. Pasteur created a vaccination for … A- Smallpox B- Anthrax C- Childbed Fever D- Silk Worm Diseases B ER

  19. Koch found the cause of… A- Tuberculosis B- Plague C- Yellow Fever D- Ebola A

  20. What was considered the 1st Antibiotic? A- Staphylococcus B- Anthrax C- Penicillin D- Lysosomes C

  21. Summary

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