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Lake Effect Storms

Lake Effect Storms. Lake Effect Storm Types. Wind/Shear Parallel Bands Shore Parallel Bands Shore based Midlake Mesoscale Vortex. Lake Superior Lake Effect. Lake Ontario Lake Effects. Lake Michigan Shore Parallel Band. Lake Michigan Wind/Shear Parallel Band. 10 and 13 January, 1998.

demetrius-manning
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Lake Effect Storms

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  1. Lake Effect Storms

  2. Lake Effect Storm Types • Wind/Shear Parallel Bands • Shore Parallel Bands • Shore based • Midlake • Mesoscale Vortex

  3. Lake Superior Lake Effect

  4. Lake Ontario Lake Effects

  5. Lake Michigan Shore Parallel Band

  6. Lake Michigan Wind/Shear Parallel Band

  7. 10 and 13 January, 1998

  8. Visible Satellite Loop • Cloud rolls over water • Spectacular Cloud streets over land • Effect of lake shoreline • Gravity waves perpendicular to flow 1704 UTC - 1748UTC

  9. Characteristics of Wind Parallel vs. Shore Parallel Bands

  10. Convective Boundary LayerRoll Convection

  11. Instabilities Driving CBLOrganization

  12. Growth of Planetary Boundary Layer Across Lake

  13. Shore Parallel Bands • Wind blows roughly parallel to major axis of lake • Air warms from heat flux from water creating a strong land-water air temperature contrast • Land Breeze is created forcing a land breeze front and meso-beta scale convergence • Meso-beta scale lifting of air to as high as 4 km AGL (compared to 1 km AGL for wind parallel bands) along land breeze front (s) • Land breeze fronts usually combine into single convergence line • Parallel to shoreline of lake • Pushed to downwind shoreline when winds are not completely parallel to shoreline • Down center of lake when winds are exactly parallel to shoreline of lake

  14. Shore Parallel Bands • Most intense snows of all the different lake-effect snow types, because: • Concentrates all of the absorbed moisture and heat along a single narrow band • Mesoscale lifting deepens the system to several kilometers allowing precipitation processes to be more efficient • Colder than –20 C • Deeper layer Bergeron – Findeisen Process • Bands extend off shore and drop massive amounts of snow over small region • Buffalo, NY (Lake Erie, WSW wind) • Gary, Indiana (Lake Michigan, Northerly wind)

  15. Predicting Wind Parallel Lake Effect Storms • Lake temperature minus 850 mb temperature >13C • Wind fetch >100 km • Wind speed moderate to high, i.e. >10 m/s

  16. Predicting Shore Parallel Lake Effect Storms • Wind nearly parallel to long axis of lake • Lake temperature minus 850 mb temperature >13C (can occur with less temperature contrast) • Wind speed light to high, i.e. > 5 m/s

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