1 st Hour

1. 1st Hour Jordan Tomas Aliza Grayson Sydney K Jorge Teacher’s Desk Jax Mariyah Anna Vanessa Jaylen Catalina Noah Sydney L Alan Sean Andres Desiree Kyle Sydney P Steven Jakob Elizabeth Gabriella Jose Manuel Alexis Estrella Quintin Karina Armando DOOR

2. 2nd Hour Jarod Dominique Marcel Matt Ian Teacher’s Desk Joseph Daniel Shayna Kelechi Jonathan Kayla River Al Antony O Sam Adrian Logan Briseida Michael Alejandro Mei AJ Maleek Chris Jackson Josslan Taylor Donte DOOR

3. 3rd Hour Jose Halle Andrew Eunice Mauricio Mario Alejandro Castillo Diana Aisake Edgar Austin Kassandra Liliana Daniel Sarah Ozzie V Juliana Alejandro Cristan Alejandra Carolina Luis Ozzie P Gerardo Caitlin Jessica G Kiana Jessica M Roberto Eduardo Teacher’s Desk DOOR

4. 5thHour Brian P Rosa Jasmine Marco Kia Josh andrea Kura Kohl Serina Teacher’s Desk Nick Sonia Alexis W Marcos Adriana Brian H Hubble Elmer Odalis Andrew Ty Adi Taylor Ivanna Lauren Adrian William Harrison Alexis M Edward Davenport Isaiha DOOR

5. 6thHour Jacob Conrad Ysid Claudia Ricardo Jaquie Josh Antonio Teacher’s Desk Brianna Andrew Janette Anthony Judial Shannon Jeremiah Alex Audrey Travys Carmen Taylor Richard Moses Kyejah Raul Nick Ruben Haley Gio Diego DOOR

6. Warm Up: Tuesday, January 8th • Roll Tide • Welcome back! Happy 2013! • Pick up a warm-up packet • Please begin the warm up for the day • Warm Up: • What were TWO of the favorite things that you did this break? • How did you celebrate the holidays? (New Years, Christmas, Hanukkah…any other holiday!)

7. Today: To Do & Goals • Go over Rules, Expectations, Consequences • What we are doing for the next nine weeks? • Activity to introduce the unit.

8. Rules •  Come to class, on time, be prepared and try. • Do unto others as you would have them do unto you (be respectful of others, be appropriate). • Follow directions and procedures

9. Expectations • I have HIGH expectations for all of you this semester • I know what you can do, so I am going to push you to do them • You will have to work harder this semester- this is for your future! • What is an “A” student? • Description of an A student as described by past students:  Takes notes, asks questions, pays attention, does homework, studies for exams, is self-motivated.  • *Please remember that grades are EARNED, not GIVEN* *When others are talking, be respectful and LISTEN*

10. Consequences • 1st offense- call on you- this is a WARNING • 2nd offense- call on you- this is ALSO A WARNING • 3rd offense- CALL HOME/email • 4th offense- REFERRAL • Depending on the severity of the situation, I may refer you despite not going through the offenses.

11. This quarter-Spring Break • Scientific Revolution • French Revolution • Test • Industrial Revolution • Imperialism • Test • World War I • Test

12. Activity: • You INDIVIDUALLY will be given 6 key people of the scientific revolution • You are to fill out the chart completely • All of the individuals are in your book, and you are to go to the page that is given • READ about them- you will not be given the answers, you will have to FIND them • Good luck!

13. Wednesday/Thursday January 9th/10th • ASU Update: Will Sutton is back!!! • To do today: • Warm Up • Scientific Revolution PPT • Galileo activity • Galileo movie clip • Other activity if needed This is NOT the warm up….just think about it  • What is your definition of a goal???

14. Goal: Definition • noun • 1. the result or achievement toward which effort is directed; aim; end.

15. Warm Up: • What is one academic goal that you have for this year? • What is one personal goal that you have for yourself this year? • How will you accomplish each of these goals this year?

16. The Scientific Revolution

17. Essential Question: • How did scientific discoveries change people’s attitudes towards natural events and religious faiths?

18. Goals: • Students will learn how new approaches to science changed people’s beliefs about the universe and institutions such as the church.

20. A New Revolution • The Renaissance inspired a spirit of curiosity • The Reformation encouraged leaders to challenge the accepted ways of thinking about God and salvation • A new Revolution was occurring in Europe that will challenge how people view their space in the universe- the Scientific Revolution

21. Medieval View • Before 1500, people thought whatever the bible or ancient philosopher said must be true • Few European scholars questioned the scientific ideas of ancient thinkers or the church by carefully observing nature

22. Geocentric Theory • During the Middle Ages most scholars believed the earth was unmoving, and was the center of the universe • According to the belief, the sun, moon and other planets revolved around the earth • Common sense supported that view- it seemed the sun rises and sets everyday • This was known as the Geocentric theory

24. Geocentric Theory Continued • Was supported by Aristotle and Greek astronomer Ptolemy • The church supported this theory as well, and taught that God had purposely put the earth in the center of the universe

25. Ptolemy’s Geocentric theory • Ptolemy’s Geocentric theory

26. A New Way of Thinking • A few scholars published works that challenged the old ways of thinking in the 1500s, launching a change in European thought • Historians call this the Scientific Revolution- a new way of thinking about the world based on observation and willingness to question old beliefs

27. Why now? • During the Renaissance, scholars uncovered many old manuscripts and realized that ancient authorities didn’t always agree with each other • As Europeans traveled to Africa, Asia and the America’s, discoveries that had been unknown for centuries, just proved the possibility of new truths

28. Nicolaus Copernicus • First major challenge to the old ways of thinking was in astronomy • A small group of scholars questioned the geocentric theory • After studying planetary movements for over 25 years, Nicolaus Copernicus concluded that the stars, earth and other planets revolved around the sun

29. Heliocentric Theory • Copernicus’s heliocentric theory (sun-centered theory) was rejected by most scholars and clergy because it contradicted religious views • Fearing persecution and ridicule, Copernicus didn’t publish his findings until 1543, the last year of his life • He received a copy of his book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, on his deathbed

30. Proving it was true • Over the next few centuries, scientists based their ideas on Copernicus’s findings • Tycho Brahe recorded the movements of planets for many years • His assistant, Johannes Kepler proved Copernicus’s basics were true through mathematics • Kepler couldn’t see well and had limited use of his hands due to suffering from small pox as a child

31. Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler’s view of solar system

32. Activity: Three Theories of the Solar System • In the next 10 minutes, read the three paragraphs on the 3 theories of the solar systems in your warm-up packet and answer the questions on the following page. • This is to be individually or with ONE PARTNER • You must be actively working or you will lose partner privileges

33. Galileo Galilei • 1581, Galileo sat in a cathedral and noticed the chandelier swing on its chain • Aristotle said a pendulum’s rhythm starts to slow as it approaches its resting place • Using his pulse, Galileo timed the chandelier’s swings, and each swing of the pendulum took exactly the same amount of time • Galileo had discovered the law of the pendulum

34. Galileo • Video: Start at 29 minutes • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSt3y8NZT_4

35. Law of the Pendulum

36. …and more from Galileo • Galileo also found that a falling object accelerates at a fixed and predictable speed • He tested Aristotle’s theory that heavy objects fall faster than lighter ones by dropping stones of different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa What do you think….will a basketball and a volleyball both land at the same time, although they are different weights? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHh3jJoW3zA

37. …and he discovered even MORE! • After hearing that a Dutch lens maker had built an instrument that could enlarge far off places, Galileo successfully built his own telescope without ever seeing the original device Galileo’s telescope

38. Galileo used his telescope to “study the heavens” 1610 hew published a series of newsletters called Starry Messenger, describing his amazing findings He told of Jupiter’s 4 moons, and the dark spots on the sun, and the rough, uneven surface of the moon This shattered Aristotle’s theory that the moon and stars were made of a pure, perfect substance

39. How telescopes are made?

40. Conflict With the Church • Galileo’s findings scared leaders of Catholic and Protestant leaders because they went against church teaching and authority • If people believed the church could be wrong about this…. what else were they wrong about?

41. The Warning • 1616, the Catholic church warned Galileo not to defend the ideas of Copernicus • Galileo remained silent publicly, but continued his studies • In 1632, Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systemsthat presented both views, but it was clear that Galileo supported Copernicus’s view

42. Primary Sources Cardinal Bellarmine, 1615 Galileo, 1615 “…I hold the sun to be situated motionless in the center of the revolution of the celestial orbs while the earth revolves around the sun…These men have resolved to fabricate a shield for their mistake sout of the authority of the Bible. These they apply with little judgement to the arguments that they do not understand and have not even listened to .” • “…But to want to affirm that the sun really is fixed in the center of the heavens and only revolves around itself…and that the earth revolves…around the sun is a very dangerous thing…by injuring our holy faith and rendering the holy scriptures false.”

43. The pope was angry, and summoned Galileo to stand trial before the Inquisition Under the threat of torture, Galileo knelt before the cardinals and read aloud a signed confession agreeing Copernicus’s findings were false “With sincere heart and unpretended faith I abjure, curse and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies of Copernicus and also every other error…contrary to the Holy Church, and I swear that in the future I will never again say or assert anything that may cause similar suspicion toward me.” -Galileo

44. Galileo’s life • Galileo lived under house arrest and died in 1642 at his villa near Florence • His books and ideas still spread all over Europe In 1992, pope John Paul II officially acknowledged that Galileo was correct in asserting that the earth revolves around the sun, but concluded that the church acted in good faith, and worked with the knowledge of their time Seriously??

45. Galileo's finger goes on display in Italy ! • A wizened finger belonging to Galileo Galilei, the only remaining part of the 17th century astronomer's body, is to go on display in Italy.

46. In 2000… • In 2000, Pope John Paul II issued a formal apology for all the mistakes committed by some Catholics in the last 2,000 years of the Catholic Church's history, including the trial of Galileo among others.

47. Activity: Galileo’s Indictment • You are to annotate and analyze Galileo’s indictment by the church by yourself • You are to then answer the questions about Galileo on your answer sheet • You will turn this in TODAY for a grade

48. Questions: Analysis • •Why was the church upset with Galileo? • •Was Galileo right and the church wrong? • •The name “Scientific Revolution” implies this era was one of change. What are the old and new values that are coming into conflict, based on these sources? (think about issues such authority, sources of knowledge, and the individual in society, for example). • •Is a conflict such as this possible today? Why and how? • •Will this information help us in the future and help us understand the modern world? How?

49. The Scientific Method

50. The Scientific Method