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Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids, Liquids and Gases. Chapter 16. Section 1 – Kinetic Theory. States of matter you saw at lunch? _____________ Theory – explanation of how particles in matter behave All matter is composed of small _____________________ (atoms, molecules, ions). Kinetic Theory.

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Solids, Liquids and Gases

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  1. Solids, Liquids and Gases Chapter 16

  2. Section 1 – Kinetic Theory • States of matter you saw at lunch? • _____________ Theory – explanation of how particles in matter behave • All matter is composed of small _____________________ (atoms, molecules, ions)

  3. Kinetic Theory • Particles in ______________, random motion • Particles are _________________ • Energy that particles lose from collisions is ________________

  4. Average Kinetic Energy • ____________________ is measure of average kinetic energy. • Warmer – particles have ___________ energy  Move faster • Cooler – particles have LESS energy  Move _______________

  5. Solid State – H2O • Particles in ______________ position

  6. Liquid State • Particles in solid _____________ energy and move faster  break out of fixed position • Melting point:_________________ where solid begins to liquefy • Heat of fusion:amount of __________ needed to change a solid to liquid

  7. Liquids Flow • Particles have energy to break _________________ attraction and flow

  8. Gas State • Particles have energy to escape ___________ attraction

  9. Vaporization • Liquid particles gain enough energy to escape to ___________ phase • Evaporation: vaporization at the _________________ of liquid, spontaneously • Boiling point: applying ______________, temperature at which pressure of vapor is equal to external pressure, _________ to gas • Heat of vaporization: amount of ____________ needed for liquid to be a gas

  10. Gases fill their Container • Diffusion: _________________ of particles throughout until they are mixed

  11. Heating Curve of a Liquid

  12. Heating Curve of a Liquid • a and c – _________ in energy • b and d – energy used to ___________ attraction between particles

  13. Plasma • Def: consists of ________________ and negative particles • Very _____________ temperature • Particles moving so fast  ______ are stripped off • Lightning, __________, neon lights

  14. Thermal Expansion

  15. Thermal Expansion • Spaces are _________________ joints • Prevent __________ • Absorbs heat – ______________ • Cools – shrinks

  16. Expansion of Matter • Thermal Expansion: increase in the _____________ of a substance when the temperature is increased • Warmer = ____________ attraction b/ particles = move freer • Cooler = more attraction = ______________ together

  17. Expansion of Matter

  18. Expansion of Matter

  19. Strange Water • Ice is _________ dense than liquid water • (+) and ____ ends arrange themselves next to each other • Create _____________ spaces

  20. Strange Water

  21. Solid or Liquid? • Amorphous Solids: ______________ form, change to liquid over range of temperatures • Ex: glass, _______________ • Liquid turned to solid too ____________

  22. Solid or Liquid • Liquid crystals: change to liquid but don’t lose their __________________ form • Ex: liquid crystal display ________________  calculators, etc.

  23. Properties of Fluids Section 2

  24. How do ships float? • Buoyancy: ability of fluid to exert _______________ force on object. • If force equal to _______________ = float

  25. Archimedes’ Principle • Def: buoyant force on an object is equal to the _______________ of the fluid displaced by the object

  26. Density • Same size blocks - wood and ____________ • Displace _____________ amount of water • BUT, wood block _____________ and steel block sinks • Different __________________ – object has less density than density of fluid to float

  27. Archimedes’ Principle

  28. Pascal’s Principle • Pressure: ___________ exerted per unit area • Pressure applied to fluid is exerted ______________ the fluid • Used in ______________ lifts – use your weight to lift something much heavier

  29. Bernoulli’s Principle • Def: as velocity of fluid _____________ pressure of fluid decreases

  30. Fluid Flow • Viscosity: the ________________ of a fluid to flow • Syrup – ________ viscosity • Water – ________ viscosity

  31. Behavior of Gases Section 3

  32. Pressure • Result of gas particle _____________ with the container • More collisions = More ____________ • Pressure unit = ______________ (Pa) • How do we get high pressure?

  33. Boyle’s Law • Relationship between ______________ and volume • _____ volume, size of container, what will pressure do? • Pressure _____ • _______________ related: as one goes  the other goes  , or vice versa

  34. Charles’s Law • Relationship between _____________ and temperature • “Keep away from _____________” on pressurized can • ______ temperature what will volume do? • _____ volume • ________________ related: as one goes  the other goes , or vice versa

  35. Kelvin Scale • All _______ numbers • 0K = ______________ zero – all particle motion stops • 0K = ________ • K = ____ + 273

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