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Modernization

Modernization . Chapter 18, Section 2. Modernization. Modernization= process by which a society’s social institutions become increasingly complex as the society moves toward industrialization. As these social institutions become more complex, the likelihood of social change also increases. .

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Modernization

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  1. Modernization Chapter 18, Section 2

  2. Modernization • Modernization= process by which a society’s social institutions become increasingly complex as the society moves toward industrialization. • As these social institutions become more complex, the likelihood of social change also increases.

  3. The Process of Modernization • When sociologists look at modernization, they divide the countries of the world into two categories: more developed and less developed. • More developed US, Canada, Japan, Australia, Western Europe • Less developed Central African nations, SE Asia • How have the more developed countries become more modernized?

  4. Modernization Theory • More-developed nations modernized because they were the first to industrialize. • Modernized countries serve as a model and a source of technology for less-developed countries. • Over time, the less-developed countries will undergo the same social changes that modernized (more-developed) countries have already undergone.

  5. Characteristics of Modernized and Non-Modernized Societies - Know at least 3 characteristics and how they differ in each type of society.

  6. World-System Theory • Modernization is tied to the world economy. There are three types of nations, and the degree of modernization is related to how integrated in the world economy a country is. • Core nations= most powerful, most developed nations. (US, Canada, Japan, Western Europe) • Semi-peripheral nations= industrialized, but smaller role in the world economy (Spain, Portugal, South Korea) • Peripheral nations= control few productive resources; heavily dependent on core nations. (Latin America, central Africa, SE Asia)

  7. Problems with World-System Theory • Problems facing peripheral nations: • Not all countries benefit the same; peripheral nations usually come out the worst in the arrangement; • Heavily dependent upon exports; • Rely heavily on foreign aid– causes external debt. • External debt= amount a country owes to foreign individuals, organizations, companies, and governments.

  8. External Debt Are we the worst? http://www.cnbc.com/id/30308959/page/4

  9. Consequences of Modernization • Benefits • Growth of industry and expansion of technology • Improved quality of life • Education • Drawbacks • Government has an increased role in citizens’ lives • Moral and ethical issues • Harmful to the environment

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