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Non-residential suburbanisation in the Czech Republic (Prague and Brno)

Non-residential suburbanisation in the Czech Republic (Prague and Brno). SELMA meeting, Madrid, June 27-29, 2003. Luděk Sýkora & Martin O uředníček. Charles University in Prague, Czechia. Case study: Czech Republic (Prague, Brno). 1) The context 2) Case study cities 3) Method

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Non-residential suburbanisation in the Czech Republic (Prague and Brno)

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  1. Non-residential suburbanisation in the Czech Republic (Prague and Brno) SELMA meeting, Madrid, June 27-29, 2003 Luděk Sýkora & Martin Ouředníček Charles University in Prague, Czechia

  2. Case study: Czech Republic (Prague, Brno) 1) The context 2) Case study cities 3) Method • Territorial division of urban area • Data used (population, employment, land use) 4) Population deconcentration 1991-2001 5) Employment deconcentration 1991-2001 6) Land use change 1991-2001 7) Conclusion

  3. The context: suburbanisation in Czech metropolitan areas • Suburbanisation is a very recent phenomena: it developed in last 5 years • Until mid 1990s there was only marginal residential suburbanisation (limited purchasing power of population) • Since 1997: radical development of commercial suburbanisation (shopping centres and retail parks, warehousing and logistic zones) • Since the end of 1990s: dynamic development of residential suburbanisation(growth in wealth and introduction of mortgages)

  4. Residential suburbanisation • Individual homebuilders as well as whole districts made by one developer • High share of inhabitants with high incomes • State supported mortgages • Changing socio-spatial pattern in metropolitan area • Social polarisation in suburban localities

  5. Commercial suburbanisation • retail, warehousing and distribution, (industry) • demand from international firms expanding on Czech markets • logistic and retail parks close to highways (and Metro)

  6. Suburbanisation of retail • Radical growth since 1997 • First suburban shopping in Prague opened in 1996 (IKEA in Zličín) and four main concentrations developed since that time • Massive explosion of retail in Brno • Radical transformation in spatial pattern of shopping • 1989: half of retail turnover in city centre • 1998: hypermarket as first shopping place for 4% of Czechs • 2000: hypermarket as first shopping place for 20% of Czechs and 25% of Prague inhabitants

  7. An example of consequences:Increase in car transportation 1996-2001 • Prague - suburban zone 164000 -> 267000, 1.6 % • Prague - outer areas 83000 -> 86000, 1.0 % • Transit 16000 -> 25000, 1.6 % • Total 263000 -> 378000, 1.4 % • 70 % of all journeys is commuting between Prague and suburbs • Suburban commuting accounted for 90 % of growth between 1996-2001

  8. Management of suburban growth • Its regulation requires regional planning and policy tools. • Czech planning system has physical plans for regions and strategies of regional development: neither of them includes the issue of sprawl. • However, the major planning authority is at the municipal level • Fragmented local government in metropolitan areas • Two regional governments in the case of Prague´s metropolitan region • Central government support to FDI was in 1998-2000 exclusively allocated to greenfield investments.

  9. Case study cities in the Czech Republic

  10. Method: territorial division of metropolitan area City centre Inner city First suburban zone - inside city boundaries Second suburban zone - outside city boundaries

  11. District Area (km2) Municipalities Cadastral territories Basic settlement units Prague 496 1 (57)* 112 901 Prague-East 584 91 137 233 Prague-West 586 80 112 175 Total PMA 1666 172 (228) 361 1309 Territorial units in Prague Metropolitan Area *Prague - city parts

  12. District Population Density of population Share of children 0-14 Share of people 60+ Share of university educated Share of houses constructed 1991-2001 Prague 1 169 106 2357 13,4% 20,7 % 18,8 % 10,9 % Prague-East 96 061 164 15,7 % 18,6 % 9,5 % 14,6 % Prague-West 83 089 142 16,3 % 18,2 % 11,1 % 18,0 % Total PMA 1 350 257 810 13,7 % 20,4 % 17,7 % 12,8 % Demographic characteristics (Census 1.3.2001)

  13. Population deconcentration 1991-2001 • Data from annual statistics for population growth and migration and censuses 1991, 2001 for structures of population(preliminary results) • PMA - Natural decrease of population of each zone • Centre and inner city: natural and migration decrease • 1st suburban ring: from slow migration increase to stagnation • 2nd suburban ring: from slow migration increase to rapid suburbanisation process

  14. Změna 2001/1991 85 - 99 % 100 - 109 % 110 - 129 % 130 - 159 % 160 - 235 % Population change in Prague’s metropolitan region (1991-2001)

  15.  Gross rates (per mille)  1991* 1996 2000 code zone Natural increase Migration increase Total increase Natural increase Migration increase Total increase Natural increase Migration increase Total increase a center -4,95 -2,66 -7,61 -10,54 -8,90 -19,44 -8,34 -10,27 -18,62 b inner city -0,97 5,98 5,01 -3,79 -0,28 -4,07 -2,82 -2,46 -5,28 c 1st suburban -2,23 2,44 0,21 -5,18 2,17 -3,01 -3,58 0,02 -3,57 d 2nd suburban -2,69 0,39 -2,31 -4,39 5,54 1,15 -2,35 20,42 18,06 a+b+c City of Prague -1,72 3,96 2,23 -4,68 0,64 -4,04 -3,35 -1,48 -4,84 a+b+c+d PMA -1,84 3,52 1,68 -4,64 1,24 -3,41 -3,23 1,32 -1,90 d1 Prague-East -1,84 -0,45 -2,29 -4,28 3,07 -1,20 -3,31 15,44 12,13 d2 Prague-West -3,75 1,43 -2,32 -4,53 8,56 4,03 -1,24 26,26 25,03 Components of population growth * For zones a, b, c only period 3.3.-31.12.1991

  16. Net migration 1991-2000

  17. Employment deconcentration 1991-2001 • Decline in employment until mid 1990s due to transformation • Employment growth in suburban zone from mid 1990s • Growth namely in retail and wholesale (5 times in Prague-east and 20 times in Prague East) and storage, transport and communication

  18. Employment and unemployment 1991-2001

  19. Structure of registered employment 1993-2001

  20. Economic structure NACE – CZ A-B AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY;FISHING C-E TOTAL INDUSTRY F CONSTRUCTION G WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLES AND PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS H HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS I TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS J FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION K REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES L PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY M EDUCATION N HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK O OTHER COMMUN.,SOCIAL AND PERS.SERVICE ACTIVITIES

  21. Land use change 1991-2001 • Retail • Warehousing, distribution, logictics • Industry • Office • Share of build-up on total land-use

  22. Out-of-centre and suburban shopping

  23. Out-of-centre and suburban offices

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