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DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration

DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration. CHAPTER 4 CONFIGURING HARDWARE DEVICES AND STARTUP PROCESS Prepared By : Suraya Alias. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS. 4.5.1 Startup Phases (sequences) Power-on self test (POST) phase Initial startup phase Boot loader phase

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DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration

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  1. DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration CHAPTER 4 CONFIGURING HARDWARE DEVICES AND STARTUP PROCESS Prepared By : Suraya Alias

  2. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS • 4.5.1 Startup Phases (sequences) • Power-on self test (POST) phase • Initial startup phase • Boot loader phase • Detect and configure hardware phase • Kernel loading phase • Logon phase • This sequences applies only to the system that was shut down ad restarted normally, not applicable for hibernation and standby mode

  3. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS • For Win XP to start, the systems and boot partitions must contain below files

  4. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS • 4.5.2 Preboot sequences • Computer runs POST routines to determine the amount of physical memory, whether the hardware component are presents. Check plug and play compatible BIOS and hardware configuration • The comp BIOS locates the boot device, loads and runs the Master Boot Record (MBR) • The MBR scans the partition table to locate the active partition, loads the boot sector on the active partition in memory the executes it • The computer loads and initializes the NTLDR file

  5. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS • Problem that can occur during Preboot sequences • Improper hardware configuration or malfunctioning hardware • Usually message hard drive cannot be located • Corrupt MBR • If MBR becomes corrupted (virus), can be repaired back using Recovery console or using Anti virus s/w • Floppy or USB inserted • Message non system disk or disk error, or No OS is found, maybe USB is inserted during startup

  6. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS • 4.5.3 Boot sequences • After NTLDR has been loaded into memory, the boot sequence gathers information about the hardware and drivers in the preparation for Win XP load phases. • The boot sequences uses these files; NTLDR, BOOT.INI, BOOTSECT.DOS (optional), NTDETECT.COM & NTOSKRNL.EXE • The 4 phases of boot sequences • Initial boot loader phase • Operating System Selection • Hardware Detection • Configuration Selection

  7. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS • 4.5.4 BOOT.INI file • Boot.ini is saved in active partition when we install Win XP. • NTLDR uses information in boot.ini to display the boot loader screen, from which you select the OS to start. • Boot.ini includes two section [boot loader] and [operating system] which contains information that NTLDR uses to create the Boot Loader Operating System Selection menu • Example [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect

  8. 4.5 THE STARTUP PROCESS • 4.5.5 Troubleshooting the Boot Sequence (Problem) • Missing or corrupt boot files • If the NTLDR, BOOT.INI, NTDETECT.COM & NTOSKRNL.EXE files become corrupt or missing, the error message indicating the situation and windows startup fails • Improperly configured BOOT.INI • If manually edited, or change the configuration. If BOOT.ini corrupt, use the Recover console • Improperly configured hardware • NTDETECT.COM cab fail during its detection of hardware if the h/w is wrongly configured, bad driver or malfunctions • Use step by step of removal, uninstalling the devices and adding it one by one at a time

  9. 4.6 EDITING THE REGISTRY • Win XP stores hardware and software settings in a hierarchical database called the Registry (replaces the .ini, .sys and .com configuration in previous windows) • Registry controls the Win XP OS by providing information in starting applications, load components and devices also network protocols • 4.6.1 Registry • Hierarchical database that contains data includes; • The hardware installed in computer (cpu, bus type..) • Installed device drivers • Installed applications • Installed network protocols • Network adapter card settings

  10. 4.6 EDITING THE REGISTRY • Components that access and store data in registry • Windows XP Pro kernel • Device drivers • User profiles • Setup programs • Hardware Profiles • NTDETECT.COM

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