The Great

1. The Great NEW DEAL Depression

2. Contents • Election of 1928, 1932, 1936 • Flow charts of causes andreversing spiral of Great Depression • Graphs of stock market and unemployment in the 1930s • Dust Bowl • Election of 1932 and links to FDR inaugural address • New Deal Programs • Fireside Chats (link to audio of 1st fireside chat) • Critics of FDR • Social Security • Movies, radio and the arts of the 1930s

3. The Election of 1928 • (R) Herbert Hoover • Food Administration WWI • Secretary of Commerce • (D) Al Smith (corner) • Governor of New York • 1st Irish Catholic to run for White House • Advantage? • Republican prosperity in the 1920s ensure easy victory for Hoover

5. People lose their jobs. Even more people Lose their confidence And spend less money Causes of the Depression Demand drops. Fewer goods are sold. The Spiral Of Depression In order to stay in business companies cut wages Companies are forced to cut costs by laying people off People lose their confidence & start saving their money Demand drops even further.

6. Stock Market Crash of 1929 • The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted on October 29, 1929. • $14 billion was lost in one day. • Stock Market will not recover for decades. • Unofficial start of the Great Depression.

9. Great Depression in the Cities • In cities across the country people: • lost their jobs • Were evicted from their houses • Ended up living on the street. • Shantytowns, soup kitchens and bread lines appeared

12. People waiting in line for bread and soup and also living out of their car.

13. The Dust Bowl • Farmers in the Midwest had over farmed the soil. • Drought conditions led to 100 of acres of soil being “blown away.” • These ‘black blizzards’ lasted from 1933 to 1939.

25. The Bonus Army • WW I vets marched on Washington DC. • Demanded the bonus that was due in 1945 be paid presently.

26. Bonus Army in DC… • Congress refused their demands. • Gen. MacArthur broke up the marchers and had their shanty town burned to the ground. • Public relations disaster for President Hoover.

27. The Election of 1932 FDR Hoover

28. What were we thinking?

29. Key Quotes: FDR’s Inauguration Speech This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. I shall ask Congress for broad executive power to wage was against the emergency. • Link to: • Text of Speech • Video

30. Fireside Chats • Series of radio addresses by FDR • 30 total between 1933 to 1944 • FDR used these to calm American people down. • CLICK on the radio to link to hear the 1st chat on the Bank Crisis

31. FDR and the New Deal • During the presidential campaign of 1932, FDR promised Americans a NEW DEAL. • This would be his program to get America back on its feet.

32. Goals of New Deal Program • Relief • Help people right away • Recovery • Get the US out of the Depression • Reform • Make sure another depression does not happen

33. New Deal:Relief • Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA) • Civil Works Administration (CWA) • Public Works Administration (PWA) • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • Farm Credit Association (FCA) • Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

34. New Deal:Recovery • Works Progress Administration (WPA) • National Recovery Administration (NRA) • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) • National Youth Administration (NYA) • Federal Housing Act (FHA)

35. New Deal:Reform • Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC) • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) • Wagner Act (NLRB) • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • Social Security

36. Government Spending $ More Pay = More Taxes Alphabet Agencies More Jobs More Jobs More goods have to be produced More Spending Demand for goods increases Demand for goods increases More goods have to be produced More people with Jobs = more pay $ More Spending Reversing the Spiral of Depression Cycle of Prosperity! Democrats called this Process ‘Pump Priming’

37. FDR and the Supreme Court

38. Court Packing…. • The Supreme Court struck down several New Deal laws as unconstitutional. • FDR wanted to increase the size of the court from 9 to 15. • Would appoint justices who were pro-New Deal • Congress did not agree with FDR. • This hurt FDR’s image.

39. HueyLong • FDR was NOT doing enough for the poor. • Long pushed his “ShareOur Wealth” program. • Take all income over $1,000,000 to give: • House • Car • Annual Salary • For all Americans

40. Dr. Francis Townshend • FDR was NOT doing enough for old people. • Proposed a $200 a month pension to everyone over 60. • This was good for (2) reasons: • $$ to boost economy • Open a job up for a younger American

41. Charles Coughlin • FDR had NOT done enough…. • Fr. Coughlin felt that FDR did not take on the powerful bankers in the United States. • Used the radio to blast FDR and became known as the “Radio Priest”.

42. LibertyLeague • FDR had gone TO FAR with the New Deal. • Interfering with business and people’s lives. • Government was taking away freedoms from Americans.

43. Social Security Act of 1935

44. How is Social Security funded?

46. Election of 1936

47. Movies

48. Radio • October 30, 1938 • Orson Wells performed HG Wells classic over the radio. • Made Wells famous • Caused a panic because people thought Martians were invading • Link to listen to the radio broadcast.

49. Grant Wood • Famous painting entitled“American Gothic”. • Best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest.

50. Woody Guthrie • Folk singer during the Depression • His personal and musical styles were deeply influenced by his childhood in rural Oklahoma during the Great Depression years. • This Land is Your Land – famous song • CLICK HERE to listen to song on YouTube