Popular Sovereignty

Political power belongs to the people (people decide by voting) • Senator Lewis Cass (Michigan) • Each state in the east was given a choice on the issue of slavery, why not new territories (Mexican Cession, Louisiana Purchase) • 1840’s Popular Sovereignty

As new lands applied for statehood, residents from both the north and south flocked to those areas. Why? • To influence the vote on the issue of slavery • Violence erupts States and territories

Attempts to settle the issue of slavery out west • Missouri Compromise • Wilmot Proviso • Compromise of 1850 • Kansas-Nebraska Act • See Compromises PP (North, Academic, Pre-Civil War, Compromises) Compromises

Abolitionists used the stories of fugitive slaves to gain sympathy for their cause (slave narratives) • Uncle Tom’s Cabin – fiction novel • Evils of slavery • Created “two million abolitionists” • Brought an awareness and shock to northerners • Outraged southerners (how do you know?) Harriet Beecher Stowe

2. Fiction novel: 3. Date published: 4. Purpose of novel: 5. Main character in the novel: 6. Slave owner: 7. South’s reaction to novel: 8. Copies sold (by 1862): 9. Think about the books you read today. How do you know what to believe in a fiction story? movie 1.

See Politics of the 1800’s (North, Academic, Pre-Civil War) • Whigs • Free-Soil • Know-Nothing • Republicans • Democrats Political Parties

Supreme Court-Washington DC Dred Scott • Interpret the law- figure out if the law goes against the constitution • Judicial Branch, Federal Gov’t http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltun92DfnPY&feature=youtu.be

Slave • Moves from slave (VA, AL, MO) to free state (IL, MN territory) with owner • Sued for his freedom based on his time in free territories – Dred Scott v. Sanford (1846) • Reaches U.S. Supreme Court • Decision March 6, 1857 • Refuse to free Scott • Emerson finally frees Scott and he lives out his life in St. Louis (MO) Dred Scott

Blacks were not citizens • Blacks were not granted Constitutional Rights • Words of governing documents were not meant to include “negroes” • Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional • Slaves were personal property and possessed no personal rights • Message: “You have no future in America” Chief Justice Taney Reports…

Taking matters into their own hands

The public begins to spread their beliefs about slavery-both for and against through…

Abolitionist Aaron Stevens, writing to his brother in 1858, warns that slavery will only be done away with “by the sword”

1856-Kansas Pro-Slavery raided the town of Lawrence Kansas an anti-slavery stronghold. John Brown, an abolitionist who had moved to Kansas to make it a free state, struck back. He road into the town of Pottawatomie Creek in the middle of the night. Along with his 4 sons, Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers. Guerilla warfare erupted and by 1856, 200 people had been killed in Kansas 1859 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia Led followers east on his anti-slavery campaign Planned an attack on a federal arsenal He hoped enslaved African-Americans would flock to the arsenal and he would provide guns for a revolt Robert E. Lee captures Brown and followers Brown and four others were hanged John Brown

Principal A: No homework for the rest of the year for all 7th grade. • Principal B: All 8th grade will have 1 test in every subject per week for the rest of the year. • Principal C: One core subject will be held outside each day for the rest of the year; 8th grade only. Select one

Favoring the interests of one region over the interests of the entire country • Growing divide among the young United States • Those from the North supported decisions that helped manufacturing, industry and anti-slavery • Those from the South supported decisions that helped farming, agricultural tools, slavery Sectionalism

See Lincoln-Douglas Debates PP (North, Academic, Pre-Civil War, Lincoln, L-D Debates) Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Election of 1860 A. Lincoln, S. Douglas, J. Breckenridge, J. Bell

In 1860 the Republican National Convention was deciding which of these two candidates would be their Presidential nominee for the general election? A. B. • Circle the name above that is selected by the Republican National Convention. • Why did the Democratic Party have two Presidential nominees?

Who was the Northern Democratic nominee? • Who was the Southern Democratic nominee? • What was the Constitutional Union party?Who was their Presidential nominee?

If Lincoln was not on the ballot for ten southern states, how did he still win the 1860 Presidential election? • What was the Southern reaction to Lincoln’s victory? Why? Election of 1860

To withdrawal • Leave the Union • States held conventions to join the Union, shouldn’t they be able to hold a convention to leave the Union? • Concern that Lincoln would abolish slavery in the entire US • Southern states believed their economy and way of life would be destroyed without slavery Secession

Order of Secession During the American Civil War

1808-1889 • President (inaugurated Feb. 18, 1861) 1861-1865 • Confederate States of America • House of Representatives - MississippiSecretary of War 1853U.S. Senator – Mississippi • Opposed secession • As president rocky relationship with Congress and states • Named Robert E. Lee commander of the Army of Northern Virginia Jefferson Davis

Popular Sovereignty