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Understanding Joint Types and Movements for Better Health

Explore different types of joints (synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses), common joint structures, types of diarthrotic joints, and joint movements like flexion, extension, rotation, and more.

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Understanding Joint Types and Movements for Better Health

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  1. Joints AKA Articulations

  2. Kinds of joints • Synarthroses – no movement • Amphiarthroses – slight movement • Diarthroses – free movement

  3. synarthroses • Fibrous connective tissue grows between the bones • No significant movement between bones • Ex.sutures

  4. amphiarthroses • Cartilage connects the bones • Ex. Symphysis pubis, vertebrae • Herniated disk – when the disk between the vertebrae is pushed into the spinal canal and pushes on the spinal cord

  5. diarthroses • Includes most joints, allows for movement

  6. Types of diarthrotic joints • Ball and socket – hip and shoulder, widest range of motion • Hinge – movement in 2 directions (flexion and extension), elbow, knee, fingers • Pivot – small projection of 1 bone pivots in an arch of another (rotation) atlas/axis • Saddle joints – metacarpal bone of thumb and carpal bone, only 1 pair, opposable thumb • Gliding – least movable, gliding movements between vertebrae • Condyloid – oval projection fits in elliptical socket, wrist

  7. Diarthrotic Joint – the Knee

  8. Diartrotic joint structure • Joint capsule – fibrous connective tissue, fits over 2 connecting bones, lined with synovial fluid. • Ligament – connect bone to bone, fibrous connective tissue • Articular cartilage – layer over ends of bones, protection • Synovial membrane – secretes fluid, allows for easier movement, less friction

  9. Joint movements • Flexion – reduce angle of joint • Extension –increase angle of joint • Rotation – spin a bone relative to another • Circumduction- moving distal end while keeping proximal end stable • Abduction – move away from midline, increase angle of joint • Adduction – moving part toward midline, decrease angle of joint

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