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Revolution and Change in England

Revolution and Change in England. Chapter 16. Tudors and Stuarts. Absolute Monarchy---common in European Countries. Most severe revolt took place in England. Revolution—radical attempt to change he very structure of a country’s government. Reign of Mary Tudor.

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Revolution and Change in England

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  1. Revolution and Change in England Chapter 16

  2. Tudors and Stuarts • Absolute Monarchy---common in European Countries. • Most severe revolt took place in England. • Revolution—radical attempt to change he very structure of a country’s government.

  3. Reign of Mary Tudor • 1400’s royal family Tudors become England’s rulers. • Strengthen their powers as rulers in a way similar to those made by rulers of Spain and France. • 1st Tudor King Henry VII—stability and prosperity to England. • Henry VIII established new official English church, Anglican Church.

  4. Mary I • Henry VIII’s oldest daughter • Received the throne in 1553 • 1st reigning Queen of England. • Mary I personal unhappiness and devoted to Catholicism. • Courage and kindness • England to a Catholic nation • Married Phillip II of Spain  • Determined to rid England of Clergy • 300 people burned at the stake “Bloody Mary”

  5. Reign of Elizabeth I • Mary died in 1558 • Protestant half sister/becomes Queen • Used Parliamentary acts to prevent conflict and strengthen Protestantism • People who did not attend the Anglican Church had to pay fines. • Elizabeth NEVER married/ NO KIDS

  6. Elizabeth I • Oldest relative and heir to the throne was Mary Stuart Queen of Scotland. Mary Queen of Scots was Catholic—Horrified the English Protestants. • 1568 Mary wanted to escape problems in Scotland so she fled to England where Elizabeth imprisoned her. • Mary plots with Phillip II to kill Elizabeth and seize her throne. • Elizabeth signs Mary’s death warrant and in 1587 Mary was beheaded. • Phillip II plans an invasion on England.

  7. Spanish Armada • 1588 Phillip sends a fleet of 130 ships called Invincible Armada to the English Channel. • English ships were smaller and could move more swiftly and was easier to maneuver. Guns fired faster and from a longer distance. • English broke the Spanish formation, damaged and sank some of the lumbering vessels. • Deadly attempts. • Elizabeth’s government still faced two major problems at home.

  8. Religious Problems • Henry VIII broken with the Pope and established Anglicanism as England’s religion. • “Purify” the English Church—Puritans. • No mass, still bishops • Priest dressed in elaborate dress for religious services, congregation still knelt during services. • Puritans thought customs were too Catholic and wanted to abolish them. • Protestant Tudors thought religious disunity threatened stability. Unite to Anglican Faith. • Persecuted remaining Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants such as Puritans.

  9. Elizabeth I and Parliament • Parliament, body of representatives from the whole country. Right to approve all taxes and pass laws. • People looked to Parliament as a restraint on the monarchy—represented wishes of people outside central government. • 2 Houses • Lords—consisted of nobles and higher clergy. • Commons—represented two classes the gentry and the burgesses.

  10. Elizabeth and Parliament • Class lines—crossed for economic reasons • Had power • Elizabeth I summoned Parliament often during her reign and gave the appearance of heading them. • Couldn’t find a way to keep them from questioning government policies.

  11. James I • English Throne • 39 years of age • Rough manners • Taste for learning/intelligent • Lacked common sense in financial manners and diplomacy. • Believed in Divine Right of Kings • Finance and Foreign Policy • Supporter of Anglican Church had little tolerance for the Puritans. • Bible to English—King James Version of the Bible. • Puritans leave England • Rising inflation and growing government activity • Couldn’t collect enough money in taxes • Sell titles to nobles, monopoly rights to private companies • Create alliance with Spain—went to war.

  12. Charles I • James I Son • Shy but Brave • Divine Right of Kings • Henrietta Maria a French princess • Couldn’t get funds from Parliament—tried to force people to lend him money and imprisoned some who refused. • Petition of Right—which reasserted four ancient liberties, Charles signed in hopes Parliament would give him funds.

  13. Charles I • Petition to Right • Not to levy taxes • Not to declare martial law • Not to quarter soldiers in private homes in peacetime • Not to imprison people without specific charge

  14. Charles I • Continued to levy taxes • Disowned Parliament • Refused to call upon Parliament for 11 years • Used drastic means to collect money • Favored formal and ceremonial faith • What problems do you see this leading to?

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