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America Enters the War

America Enters the War. Japan’s influence increases. Japan and the United States both have strong influence in the Pacific US controls Guam, The Philippines, and it supports China Japan was the areas economic and industrial leader.

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America Enters the War

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  1. America Enters the War

  2. Japan’s influence increases • Japan and the United States both have strong influence in the Pacific • US controls Guam, The Philippines, and it supports China • Japan was the areas economic and industrial leader. • In 1941 Japan was moving into China and moving south into Indochina • President Roosevelt tried to stop expansion with an Embargo on industrial goods. • Increased its embargo when Japan allied with Germany and Italy • Slowed Japan but as Japan expanded it got the resources it needed from the countries it controlled.

  3. Keeping the US out of the War • In 1941 General Hideki Tojo became the prime minister of Japan. • Known as “the razor” for his sharp mind. • Desired to keep the US neutral • Tried to negotiate an end to the embargo but couldn’t • When the US denied the last proposal in Nov 1941 Tojo decided peace was out, and military action was needed to knock the US out of the War.

  4. December 1941 • In an effort to knock the US out of the war, Tojo ordered a Japanese fleet to sail towards Hawaii • Commanded by Vice Admiral ChuichiNagumo • 6 Aircraft Carriers • 360 airplanes • Assortment of Battleships, Cruisers, and Subs. • Mission: knock out the US presence in the pacific with a surprise attack.

  5. Dec 7th 1941 • Sunday morning • A large number of key ships were docked at pearl harbor on the island of Oahu • Half the US Pacific Fleet • Docked in peace formation, Side by side in rows • Airplanes lined up wing to wing on the airfield • Just before 8 AM Japanese Bombers flew over the Harbor and Airfield and bombed the ships and airplanes.

  6. When The Smoke Clears • Lost 2,500 people • Many on the Arizona • 8 battleships severely damaged • 3 destroyers left unusable • 3 cruisers destroyed • 160 planes destroyed 128 damaged • US Battleship fleet would be out for over 6 months.

  7. Why Japan Failed.. • The Entire Aircraft Carrier fleet was not in harbor. • Survived untouched • 7 heavy cruisers were also out at sea • Only 3 Battleships were beyond repair • USS Arizona, USS Oklahoma, USS Utah • Japan didn’t damage key locations • Submarine Bases • Fuel supplies • Maintenance facilities • Nagumowas too conservative • Canceled a third wave of bombers • Didn’t seek out carriers • Turned towards home because he feared a counterstrike

  8. America Declares War • As FDR prepared his speech for congress, Americans rallied together in support of war. • There was little doubt of ending neutrality • Joining the Allies was the only option • The House voted 388 in favor, 1 no vote. • The senate voted Unanimously in favor • War was declared on Japan • Germany and Italy then declared war on America • Everyone joined together in support of the war.

  9. Arming the US • A spirit of Patriotism spread like wildfire • From 1941 to 1942 the army grew from 1.4 million people to 3 million • The navy doubled in size up to 600,000 sailors • The marines jumped from 54,000 to 150,000 • 1 million African Americans joined the military • Over 350,000 women responded to the call

  10. WAC • In 1943 congress passed a bill by Edith Nourse Rodgers to create a women's Army Auxiliary Corps. • It became the Women's Army Corps • Provided clerical workers, truck drivers, instructors, and lab techs for the Army • More than 150,000 women volunteered for the service • 15,000 served abroad over the course of the war and over 600 received many for their service • The Army Nurse corps sent 57,000 women who served in both the pacific and European theaters

  11. Industry Increases • American production would be key to winning the war • Already improved before the war with the Lend Lease Act but it stepped up more after declaration of war. • In 1942 the Government started the War production board to oversee the transition from peace time to war time. • Government monitored production of goods and management of materials

  12. Production Miracle • Under the direction of the government the US worked and changed the depression economy to a workers economy • For the first time in more than a decade there was a job for every American • Every year the US increased it production of war materials • Ford factory converted to B24 bomber productions • Ship yards were producing merchant ships in 4 days. • Nearly double the production of all Axis Nations combined, just in the US.

  13. Fighting in the Pacific • In Dec 1941 Douglas MacArthur, commander of the Army forces in Asia, struggled to keep hold of the Philippines • Japan destroyed the army planes and took Guam, Hong Kong, and Wake Island with little resistance • On Dec 22 Macarthur miscalculated the Japanese forces and was forced to retreat from Manila to Bataan Peninsula • Americans were trapped and running low on supplies MacArthur was ordered to evacuate to Australia • 75,000 soldiers remained behind and held out until may when they were captured and forced to march 55 miles up the peninsula • More than 7,000 Americans and Filipinos died in the Bataan Death March.

  14. Japan Increases Power • Throughout the Pacific, Japan attacked and Won • Giving them more resources and more power • By the summer of 1942 Japan was ready to dominate the Indian ocean and Australia, New Zealand and the Central Pacific • Japan was getting ready to take Australia and New Zealand, America was desperate for good news and a win.

  15. America Strikes Back • The Doolittle Raid • American military leaders needed some success, planned a night time bombing raid of Tokyo from the deck of the USS Hornet • Led by Colonel James Doolittle • 800 miles out from Tokyo the Horner was spotted, so rather than wait for night, Doolittle led 16 bombers to Tokyo • Bombs hit around noon • Killed 50 people and damaged 100 Buildings • Pilots flew on to China and crash Landed • Did little militarily but it helped with American Morale

  16. Saving Australia • In May 1942 the Japanese moved to take New Guinea • From there they could threaten Australia and secure more of the south pacific • To counter this the US sent 2 aircraft carriers, the USS Lexington and USS Yorktown with support to meet them in the Coral Sea • On May 7 and 8th engaged in battle near the Coral Sea • The Battle of the Coral Sea was technically a Draw • But it forced Japan to call of their attack on New Guinea • Marked a momentum shift for the Americans in the war.

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