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Animals

Animals. KINGDOM ANIMALIA. What are Animals?. Animals are: heterotrophic ( Can’t make food) Eukaryotic ( nucleus ) multicellular ( Many cells ) lack cell walls . I nvertebrates (do not have backbone)=90% EX: flatworms, insects vertebrates (have a backbone)=10%

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Animals

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  1. Animals KINGDOM ANIMALIA

  2. What are Animals? • Animals are: • heterotrophic (Can’t make food) Eukaryotic (nucleus) multicellular (Many cells) lack cell walls. Invertebrates(do not have backbone)=90% EX: flatworms, insectsvertebrates(have a backbone)=10% Ex:snakes, birds, humans Body symmetry Asymmetrical: no symmetry Radial Symmetry: Can be divided into equal halves using many planes Bilateral Symmetry: Can be divided into equal halves using only one plane

  3. 1. Feeding: • Herbivore • Carnivore • Omnivore • Detritivore • Parasite • Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water

  4. Gastrovascular cavity • digests and distributes nutrients and particles to all parts of the body. Usually only one opening. • True Digestive tract • Contain digestive organs with a mouth and anus

  5. 2. Respiration: • Take in O2 and give off CO2 • Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

  6. 3. Circulation: • Very small animals rely on diffusion • Larger animals have circulatory system which include vessels

  7. 3. Circulation: • Open circulatory system • pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. • Closed Circulatory System • Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times.

  8. 4. Excretion: • Primary waste product is ammonia, liquid waste filtered by the kidneys

  9. 5. Response: • Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli • Cephalization - an evolutionary trend, where nervous tissue, becomes concentrated toward the head portion of an organism

  10. 6. Movement: • Most animals are motile (can move) • Muscles usually work with a skeleton • Sessile: Cannot move

  11. Endoskeleton • Support structure Insidebody • Exoskeleton • Support structure Outsidebody

  12. 7. Reproduction: Most vertebrates reproduce sexually= two parents needed for offspring.(UNIQUE, Meiosis) Most reproduce asexually:) offspring from 1 parent (IDENTICAL, Mitosis) Ex: Fission, budding, fragmentation

  13. Other characteristics… • Coelomate - a fluid filled body cavity. • Acoelomate- lacks a fluid filled body cavity

  14. Endotherm- • animal that generates heat to maintain its body temp. • Birds and mammals • Ectotherm • animal whose body temp varies with the temp of its surroundings • All animals except birds and mammals

  15. Body Symmetry

  16. Body plan: Asymmetrical • Respiration, Circulation, & Excretion • Rely on movement of water through body to carry out body function. • Movement • Larva are motile • Adults are sessile • Reproduction • Sexually and asexually • Digestion • Choanocytes engulf food as water is pumped through the sponge body cavity. Filter Feeders!

  17. Porifera Sponges

  18. Cnidarians corals jellyfish hydra Sea pens Sea anemone

  19. Cnidarians • Body plan - Radial Symmetry; • Medusa and Polyp • Circulation – Use diffusion as their means of circulating materials through their bodies • Respiration and excretion - carried on by individual cells that obtain their oxygen directly from water • Movement – Use a hydrostatic skeleton to contract muscles. • Reproduction- • Sexual: external fertilization, • Asexual: budding by polyps. • Digestion - Carnivores that digest food in gastrovascularcavity. • Response-(write at bottom of paper) • Cnidocytes: stinging cells; • Nematocyst: poison filled darts.

  20. Cnidarian link • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtAheq0JW7g&list=PLC92346F8528ED029

  21. Platyhelminthes planarian Flatworms tapeworm Marine flatworms

  22. Platyhelminthes - FLATWORMS • Body plan: bilateral symmetry with body cavity • Respiration, circulation, excretion – diffusion; • use flame cells to remove WASTE from body. • Movement – use cilia and muscle cells • Reproduction – • Sexually: hermaphrodites • Asexually: Fission – split in half and grow missing parts • Digestion – gastrovascualr cavity • Response- (write at bottom of paper) • ganglia: group of nerves

  23. Flatworm fencing • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wn3xluIRh1Y

  24. Nematoda - ROUNDWORMS • Body plan – bilateral symmetry, • contain coelom • Respiration, Circulation and Excretion - diffusion through skin • Movement – muscles extend length of body • Reproduction – sexual: internal fertilization • Digestion – Digestive tract with mouth and anus • Response- (write at bottom of paper) • ganglia: group of nerves

  25. Nemtoda (roundworm examples) • Trichinosis-causing worms • Filarial worms (Elephantitis) • Ascarid worms • Hookworms

  26. Annelida • Body plan – Bilateral symmetry, • segmented bodies with coelom • Respiration- some have gills; • others diffuse oxygen through skin • Excretion – digestive waste through anus; • other waste filtered through nephridia. • Circulation – Closed circulatory system • Movement – longitudinal and circular muscles • Reproduction – Sexually; both male and female with some hermaphrodites. • Digestion - True digestive tract with mouth, anus and digestive organs • Response–(write at bottom of paper) • brain or cerebral ganglion that usually resides in the head

  27. Annelida • Sandworms • Bloodworms

  28. earthworms Annelida Leeches

  29. Groups of Mollusk Gastropods – snails & Slugs • Shell-less or single shelled mollusk that move using a foot located on the ventral side.

  30. Groups of Mollusk Bivalves- clams & mussels • Have 2 shells that are held together by powerful muscles

  31. Groups of MolluskCephalopods-octopus, squid, nautilus • Mollusk where the head is attached to a single foot. • The foot is divided into tentacles

  32. Mollusca • Body plan – • bilateral: clams, snails, & slugs AND • radial: octopus & squid • soft bodied with internal or external shell • Respiration – aquatic: gills; • land: diffusion through mantle cavity • Circulation – Slow moving: open circulatory system; • fast moving: closed circulatory system • Excretion – through nephridia • Movement – snails: secrete mucus; • octopus, nautilus, squid: jet propulsion • Reproduction – sexual -- snails & bivalves external fertilization; • some are hermaphrodite: internal fertilization • Digestion – True digestive tract: • herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, parasites. • Response – Cephalization: octopus and squid (write at bottom of paper)

  33. Octopus opens jar • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kuAiuXezIU

  34. Arthropods • Body plan – Bilateral with segmented bodies • Respiration – gills, lungs, tracheal tubes • Circulation- Open circulatory system • Excretion • Malpighian tubules: saclike organs that extract wastes from the blood and add them to the digestive system. • Movement- Muscles, jointed appendages, exoskeleton • Reproduction • internal or external fertilization; • some species undergo metamorphosis • Digestion – Complex organ systems; • herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, parasites, and filter feeders • Response- Brains with well developed nervous system (write at bottom of paper)

  35. Crustaceans – crabs, lobster, shrimp • Have two pairs of antennae • 2 – 3 body sections • Chewing mouth parts called mandibles

  36. Insects – beetles, cricket, centipede • Have jaws • One pair of antennae

  37. Arachnids – Spiders, ticks, scorpions • Two body sections • Most have 4 walking legs

  38. Echinoderms • Body plan – radial with coelom • Respiration • use simple gills and tube • Circulation • network of fluid-filled canals that function called a water vascular system • Excretion - no kidneys • use diffusion to rid their bodies of nitrogenous waste • solid waste through anus • Movement – endoskeleton • Tube feet which acts as a suction force • Reproduction – Sexual: external fertilization • Digestion • Tube feet grab food, push stomach out, secrete enzymes to digest food, and reabsorb food through mouth • Response • do not have brains • they have nerves running from the mouth into each arm or along the body (write at bottom of paper)

  39. Echinodermata brittle stars Sea stars • sea cucumbers • Sand dollars sea lilies • sea urchins

  40. Chordata • Body plan – bilateral • With pharyngeal gill slits, tail, notochord, and dorsal hollow nerve cord. • Respiration – lungs, gills • Circulation – closed circulatory system • Excretion • filter waste through kidneys and excrete solid waste through anus • Movement • endoskeleton with many muscular connections • Reproduction – Sexual • Digestion – True digestive tract • Nervous • cephalization – • brain with nervous tissue

  41. Sand Lance Tunicates

  42. Amphibians Fish Birds Reptiles

  43. Mammals!

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