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Mercantilism, Glorious Revolution, and Imperial Wars

Mercantilism, Glorious Revolution, and Imperial Wars. p . 72-76. Mercantilism. Mercantilism: use of gov’t subsidies and charters to stimulate English manufacturing and foreign trade Beginning in 1650’s, English gov’t began extending these policies to the American colonies

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Mercantilism, Glorious Revolution, and Imperial Wars

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  1. Mercantilism, Glorious Revolution, and Imperial Wars p. 72-76

  2. Mercantilism • Mercantilism: use of gov’t subsidies and charters to stimulate English manufacturing and foreign trade • Beginning in 1650’s, English gov’t began extending these policies to the American colonies • Created a generation of political controversy

  3. Navigation Acts • Regulation of commerce in the colonies by: • Colonies would produce agricultural goods and raw materials • English merchants would then carry them to the home country • They would be re-exported or manufactured into finished products • This led to Navigation Act…

  4. Navigation Acts • 1651: the act prohibited Dutch merchants from colonial trade • Gave English traders a monopoly • Required that goods imported into England or its American settlements be carried on English owned ships • Later, colonial sugar, tobacco, and indigo could only be shipped to England.

  5. Navigation Acts • Even further, European exports had to pass through England before coming to America • Then, they taxed all of the goods coming through England to raise money • Created a staff of customs officials to collect the taxes

  6. Use of Force • England’s navy drove Dutch out of New Netherland by force • Ended Dutch supremacy in African Slave Trade • English merchants expanded fleets and dominated Atlantic commerce • Some, including Puritans in MA, ignored the laws • MA was denied a charter for NH, and gave it to someone else with a separate governor • Puritans were annulled in MA in 1684 for violating Navigation Acts

  7. Glorious Revolution • 1688 • Against James II, who revoked many charters and openly practiced Catholicism • Had a child with Catholic wife, causing fear of Catholic heir to throne • Backed by popular protests and army, they forced James II into exile • Gave his protestant daughter Mary the throne • William of Orange was her husband

  8. Glorious Revolution • Mary and William accepted a bill of rights • Increased personal liberties and parliamentary powers • Leaders of coup used teachings of Locke, who rejected divine-right theories and focused on individual rights

  9. Why do we care??? • In America, this led to rebellions in MA, MD, and NY in 1689 • In MA, Puritans seized the governor and shipped him back to England • MA became a royal colony, not a Puritan one • Religious freedom was part of deal

  10. Why do we care??? • In MD, tobacco prices were very low • Small landowners and servants livelihood were threatened • Taxes increasing, fees as well from Catholics • Lord Baltimore was suspended from power • New charter set up until Church of England as official church • Lord Baltimore IV got charter back in 1715

  11. Why do we care??? • 1691 in NY: merchants had won support of a newly appointed royal governor • Instituted a representative assembly • Supported a merchant-dominated board that lowered artisans wages **This is part of the beginning of salutary neglect on the colonies ** gave merchants free reign ** see table 3.3 on p. 75 for info on English Wars

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