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Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer Epidemiology. Dr Jesme Baird The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, UK and ECPC. Projected numbers of cancer cases and deaths from cancer in Europe. 2010 2020 Cases Deaths Cases Deaths M 1,652,283 1,090,198 1,859,910 1,241,860 F 1,405,617 803,250 1,504,990 880,531

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Cancer Epidemiology

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  1. Cancer Epidemiology Dr Jesme Baird The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, UK and ECPC.

  2. Projected numbers of cancer cases and deaths from cancer in Europe 20102020 CasesDeathsCasesDeaths M 1,652,2831,090,1981,859,9101,241,860 F 1,405,617803,2501,504,990880,531 B 3,057,9001,893,4483,364,900 2,122,391 Globocan 2002

  3. Males Females Cases of cancer by age and sex in Europe in 2002 Globocan 2002

  4. Cancer deaths attributed to various factors Percentage of all cancer deaths Factor or class of factors Range of acceptable estimates Best estimate Tobacco 30 25 - 40 Alcohol 3 2 - 4 Diet 35 10 - 70 Food aditives <1 -5 - 2 Reproductive and sexual 7 1 - 13 behaviour Occupation 4 2 - 8 Pollution 2 1 - 5 Industrial products <1 <1 - 5 Medicines and m. procedures 1 0.5 - 3 Geophysical factors 3 2 - 4 Infection 10? 1 - ? Unknown ? Doll and Peto 1981

  5. North-Western and Central-Eastern Europe

  6. Cancer in Europe: males, 2002 Incidence (ASR) Mortality (ASR) Globocan 2002

  7. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Incidence of cancer in Europe: males 2002 Globocan 2002

  8. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Globocan 2002 Mortality from cancer in Europe: males, 2002

  9. Mortality (ASR) Incidence (ASR) Cancer in Europe: females, 2002 Globocan 2002

  10. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Incidence of cancer in Europe: females 2002 Globocan 2002

  11. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Mortality from cancer in Europe: females 2002 Globocan 2002

  12. WHO HFA DB 2005 Trends in cancer mortality (ASR) in EU

  13. Central-Eastern Europe North-Western Europe Most common cancer sites: estimated new cases in males, Europe 2002 Globocan 2002

  14. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Globocan 2002 Most common cancer sites: estimated deaths in males, Europe 2002

  15. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Most common cancer sites: estimated new cases in females, Europe 2002 Globocan 2002

  16. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Globocan 2002 Most common cancer sites: estimated deaths in females, Europe 2002

  17. WHO HFA DB Trends in mortality from lung cancer (ASR) in males in selected European countries

  18. WHO HFA DB Trends in mortality from lung cancer (ASR) in females in selected European countries

  19. IARC 2002 25-30% of all cancer sites in the developed world are causally linked to smoking : • Lung (87-91% in males and 57-86% in females) • Oral cavity (including lip and tongue) • Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses • Larynx • Pharynx and oesophagus • Stomach • Liver • Pancreas • Urinary tract (bladder, ureter and renal pelvis) • Uterine cervix • Myeloid leukaemia

  20. Trends in incidence of colon cancer in selected European countries, 1953-97

  21. Females Five-year (relative, age standardised) survival (%) for colon cancer by sex Males EUROCARE-3 Study

  22. A poor diet, often combined with sedentary lifestyle and obesity, increase the risk of colon, breast, prostate, endometrial and other cancers Diet, overwight and physical activity • Up to 30% of cancers probably related to diet and nutrition World Cancer Report 2003

  23. Incidence of and mortality (ASR, 2002) from breast cancer in selected European countries North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Globocan 2002

  24. Trends in incidence of breast cancer (ASR) in selected European countries

  25. Risk factors associated with the development of breast cancer • family history and genetic factors • previous history of breast cancer in one breast • fibrocystic disease (atypical hyperplasia) • ionizing radiation • age at menarche and menopause • age at first delivery, number of children • nulliparity • oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy

  26. Risk factors associated with the development of breast cancer • diet • alcohol • physical activity Life-style related factors

  27. Five-year (relative, age standardised) survival (%) for breast cancer EUROCARE-3 Study

  28. North-Western Europe Central-Eastern Europe Globocan 2002 Incidence of and mortality (ASR, 2002) from cervical cancer in selected European countries

  29. Differences between NW and CE Europe (1) • Incidence of cancer in men is higher in NWEurope, but mortality is higher in CEEurope. • In females, incidence is higher in NWEurope, but mortality is similar in both regions. • Mortality in NWEurope has been decreasing since mid-1980s, it started to decline in CEEurope only recently.

  30. Differences between NW and CE Europe (2) • Differences in the common cancer sites • In CEEurope, the most important causes of cancer death • In Men - lung, stomach and colorectal cancer • In females - breast, stomach, colorectal and cervical cancer

  31. Mortality from cancer (ASR, both sexes) in three neighbouring countries in Europe

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