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Trait and Factor Theories

Trait and Factor Theories. Trait and Factor Theories. Basic premise: we are attracted to a given career by our particular personality and numerous variables that constitute our background Basic Principles Know oneself: aptitudes, abilities, interests, limitations Know the job market

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Trait and Factor Theories

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  1. Trait and Factor Theories

  2. Trait and Factor Theories • Basic premise: we are attracted to a given career by our particular personality and numerous variables that constitute our background • Basic Principles • Know oneself: aptitudes, abilities, interests, limitations • Know the job market • Apply “true reasoning” when matching oneself to an occupation • The counselor provides information about client’s personality characteristics and what occupations would be a nice fit for the client based upon these characteristics

  3. Trait and Factor Theories • Parsons (1909) • Study the individual • Survey the occupations • Match the individual to the occupation

  4. Trait and Factor Theories • Williamson and Darley (1937) Presenting career concerns • No Choice • Uncertain choice • Unwise chose • Discrepancy • Williams and Darley (1937) • 1. Analysis • 2. Synthesis • 3. Diagnosis • 4. Prognosis • 5. Counseling • 6. Follow up

  5. Holland’s Theory of Personality Formal Statements • Individuals can be classified by personality type • Environments can be classified by personality type • We search for environments that are a good fit • Behavior is an interaction of personality and environment • Limitations • The theory leaves no room for variables such as: gender, ethnicity, age etc. and the impact these variables play in the career matching process

  6. Holland’s Theory of Personality • 6 Modal Personality Types • Realistic • Investigative • Artistic • Social • Enterprising • Conventional

  7. Holland’s Theory of Personality • Key Concepts • Congruence • Consistence • Differentiation • Identity • Calculus • Modal Occupational Environments • 6 environmental types

  8. Holland’s Theory of Personality • Inventories Based on Holland’s Model • Self Directed Search (SDS) • The Vocational Preference Inventory (7th ed.) • My Vocational Situation (MVS) • Vocational Interest (VI) • Position Classification Inventory (PCI) • The Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory • Strong Interest Inventory (SII) • Career Assessment Inventory (CAI)

  9. Holland’s Theory of Personality • Validating the constructs: Spokane, 1996; Osipow and Fitzgerald, 1996; Holland, Fritzsche, and Powell, 1994 • Hartung, Coh, and Gaylor (2001) • Birth order and Holland personality type • Smart, 1997; Smart & Feldman, 1998; Thompson & Smart, 1999 • Faculty personality types and student personality types • Fit between Holland code and work environment • Hot Debate: are personality and interests the same constructs?

  10. Holland’s Theory of Personality • Spokane’s (1991) recommendations of gathering occupational information • Record both + and – reactions to occupations • Gather occupations that match interests • Focus on depth • Career counseling is a behavioral and cognitive process

  11. Trait and Factor Career Counseling Model (Dawis, 1996) • Conduct the intake interview • Identify developmental variables • Assessment • Identify and solve problems • Generate a PEF analysis • Confirm, explore, decide • Follow up

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