"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe”

1. Dr. Denis Gruber Faculty of Sociology, St. Petersburg State University DAAD-Lecturer for Sociology "Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe”

2. "Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe” • 08.09.2009: Consultation and Introduction: Which Majorities and which Minorities? • 15.09.2009: Patterns of Exclusion: Constructing Ethnicity • 22.09.2009: Ethnic Minorities in Europe. Nationhood and Nationalism • 06.10.2009: The Model of Ethnic Democracy • 13.10. 2009: The New European Diasporas: National Minorities and Conflicts in Eastern Europe

3. "Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe” • 27.10.2009: The Russian-speaking minority in the Baltic States • 10.11. 2009: Post-Soviet Transnational Migrants in Germany and Central Asia. A Comparison • 17.11.2009: Integration of Turkish Immigrants in Germany, France and the Netherlands • 24.11.2009: Minorities in Greece, Norway, Sweden and Belgium

4. "Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe” • 01.12.2009: Minorities in South-Eastern Europe • 08.12.2009: Minorities in Great Britain • 15.12.2009: Migration, Language and Integration • 22.12.2009: Ethnic Mobilization and Ethnic Violence

5. GLOSSARY OF TERMS • minoritygroup • ethnicity • identity • ethnic identity • ethnic minority • national minority • integration • inclusion • exclusion • self-exclusion

6. Minority • … sociological minority is not necessarily a numerical minority • it may include any group that is subnormal with respect to a dominant group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth and political power • some authors prefer the terms "subordinate group" and "dominant group" rather than "minority" and "majority • "minority" typically refers to a socially subordination ethnic group (understood in terms of language, nationality, religion and / or culture) • minority groups also include people with disabilities, "economic minorities" (working poor or unemployed), "age minorities" (who are younger or older than a typical working age) and sexual minorities

7. Minority • UN Special Rapporteur: “A group numerically inferior to the rest of the population of a State, in a non-dominant position, whose members – being nationals of the State – possess ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics differing from those of the rest of the population and show, if only implicitly, a sense of solidarity, directed towards preserving their culture, traditions, religion or language.”

8. Sociology of minoritygroups Sociologist Louis Wirth defined a minority group as "a group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.“

9. Ethnic Minority • The term 'ethnic minority' is mainly used to denote people who are in the minority within a defined population on the grounds of 'race', colour, culture, language or nationality

10. EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES • Åland Islands• Albanians• Alsace• Aosta Valley• Arabs• Aragon• Armenians• Aromanians• Asturias• Azores• Basque Country• Belarussians• Bosniacs• Brittany• Bulgarians• Bunjevci (Bunyevtsi) in Serbia• Canary Islands• Cashoubs• Catalonia• Cimbres• Cornwall• Corsica• Crimea• Croats• Csángó• Czechs• Danes• Estonians• Faroe Islands

11. EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES • Finns• Flanders• Frisia• Friuli• Gagauzia• Galicia• Germans• Greeks• Grishun• Hungarians• Ingria• Ireland (North)• Italians• Karelia• Kosovo (Albanians)• Kurdistan• Ladins• Latvians• Lipovians• Lithuanians• Livonians• Lorraine - Moselle• Low Germans• Ludians• Luxembourgers• Macedonians• Madeira• Man / Isle of Man• Mirandians• Mócheno• Montenegro• Moravia

12. EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES • Occitania• Poles• Pomaks• Prussia• Romanians• Roms• Russians• Ruthenians• Sápmi (Lappland)• Sardinia• Savoy• Scania• Scotland• Serbs• Seto• Silesia• Slovaks• Slovenes• Sorbs• South Tyrol• Swedes• Tatars• Transdniestr / Transnistria• Turks• Ukrainians• Vepsia• Võro• Votes• Wales• Wallonia• Walser• Yenishes• Yiddish

13. National minority • to be a citizen of a nation-state