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Chapter 22 – World War I

Chapter 22 – World War I. 3 Presidents. TR – Big Stick Diplomacy Taft – Dollar Diplomacy Wilson – Moralism and Realism. Long Term Causes of the War. 1. Nationalism Loyalty to ones country National affairs guided by self interest Unification of ethnic groups. 2. Imperialism.

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Chapter 22 – World War I

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  1. Chapter 22 – World War I

  2. 3 Presidents • TR – Big Stick Diplomacy • Taft – Dollar Diplomacy • Wilson – Moralism and Realism

  3. Long Term Causes of the War • 1. Nationalism • Loyalty to ones country • National affairs guided by self interest • Unification of ethnic groups

  4. 2. Imperialism • Competition for colonies

  5. Long Term Causes of the War • 1. Nationalism • Loyalty to ones country • National affairs guided by self interest • Unification of ethnic groups

  6. 3. Militarism • Buildup of armed forces as a tool for diplomacy

  7. 4. Alliance System • Series of alliances designed to maintain a balance of power

  8. Triple Entente (The Allies) France Great Britain Russia The Triple Alliance (The Central Powers) Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Alliances

  9. War Begins • Archduke Franz Ferdinand – heir to throne of A-H – assassinated by Serbian Gavrilo Princip • Wanted all Serbs to be united

  10. Domino Effect • A-H declares war on Serbia • Russia (allied to Serbia) mobilizes army • A-H declares war on Russia • Germany (allied to A-H) declares war on Russia and Russia’s ally France • Great Britain (France’s ally) declares war on Germany

  11. Germany invades Belgium – The Schlieffen Plan

  12. Isolationists – did not want US to get involved in the war • Jeannette Rankin • Sympathy for the allies • Common language, ancestry • Similar democratic govts. • Stronger economic ties

  13. Neutrality Rights – belief that the US has the right to trade with anyone • GB blockades German ports causing food shortages • Germany blockades British ports • Submarines (U-boats) target all ships including non-military • Lusitania sunk by U-boat • 1198 deaths (128 Americans) • Wilson demands an end to attacks

  14. Immediate causes of US entry into the war • Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare • Zimmerman telegram • Russia replaces czar with republican form of government

  15. Wilson asks congress for a Declaration of War • “The world must be made safe for democracy” • Congress adopts resolution on April 6, 1917

  16. US military in 1917 • Small • Outdated • Selective Service Act - 1917 • 24 million men eligible • deferments • 3 million drafted • 1.5 million saw combat • 325,236 casualties (112,000 dead)

  17. 1st Problem – getting men and materials to Europe • Importance of shipyards • Convoy system • Zig-zag technique

  18. US troops in combat • John J. (Black Jack) Pershing • Commanded AEF • Wanted Americans to fight as independent force

  19. Trench warfare • Trenches stretch across Europe

  20. Alvin York • Sought exemption as conscientious objector • Most famous American soldier of war • Decorated for bravery

  21. Eddie Rickenbacker • “Ace of Aces” • Fought against von Richthofen “Red Baron” • 26 kills

  22. US troops referred to as: • “Yanks” • The “Doughboys”

  23. Frank Buckles

  24. New weapons of WWI • Heavy artillery (Big Bertha) • Airplanes (and zepellins) • Machine guns • Mechanized weapons (tanks) • Gas (chlorine, mustard gas, etc)

  25. The Home Front

  26. US needs to produce supplies for the war • War Industries Board – federal agency given power to regulate industries related to war production • Railroad Administration • Fuel Administration • Daylight savings time • Food Administration • Meatless, sweetless, wheatless days • Victory Gardens

  27. George Creel – Committee on Public Information

  28. Financing the War • Selling of War Bonds

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