Test Review

1. Test Review Pre-Civil War, Civil War, Reconstruction

2. Sectionalism A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole The north was more industrious, the South had plantations, and the West was mostly small farms.

3. Economics in the North, South, and West North made money by manufacturing goods South depended on large plantations and the exportation of cotton The West was farming

4. Missouri Compromise "Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel (Southern border of Missouri)were free states and all South were slave states. -tried to solve the issue of slave states vs. free states

5. Kansas-Nebraska Act slavery in new Kansas and Nebraska territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty undid the Missouri Compromise reopened the issue of slavery in the territories north outraged

6. Popular Sovereignty A government in which the people rule by their own consent (directly vote) People directly voted to whether or not there was going to be slavery in the states they resided

7. Dred Scott v. Sanford The case that ruled that slaves were property and could not sue because they were not citizens. This outraged abolitionists.

8. Reasons for secession and cause of immediatesecession Sectionalism, fight over slave/free states, nullification crisis in South Carolina, fight over tariffs, Immediate cause- election of Abraham Lincoln

9. North and South Advantages during War North- more railroads, factories to make goods, more people South- knew the area better where they were fighting, excellent generals (Robert E. Lee)

10. North and South Plans during War North- Anaconda Plan-take over the southern ports, keep them from being able to receive supplies and goods South- fight a defensive war and wait for the North to get tired

11. Lincoln’s primary goal during the Civil War Preserve the Union!

12. Political and Economic changes as result of war Political-federal government’s power was strengthened over the states, secession no longer allowed by states Economic- south was economically devastated, northern economy stimulated

13. Lincoln’s Plan 10% of voters from the last election had to pledge to support the union. Pardon all Confederates except high-ranking officials and those who were cruel to POW's

14. Johnson’s Plan Reconstruction plan that was the 10% plan plus pardons for Confederate officers. It punished plantation owners and forced states to abolish slavery.

15. Johnson’s Plan Reconstruction plan that was the 10% plan plus pardons for Confederate officers. It punished plantation owners and forced states to abolish slavery.

16. Radical Republican’s Plan 1) Southern States had to approve the 13 Amendment 
2) Southern states had to apologize for seceding from the union. 
3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. 
4) States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment
5) enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act-South divided into 5 sections

17. Andrew Johnson impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act (fired Andrew Stanton) Was not convicted by one vote

18. Who did North and South vote for? Which party is in control during Reconstruction? South votes for Democrats North votes for Republicans. Radical Republicans are in control during Reconstruction.

19. KKK Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War in 1866. The Southern establishment took charge by passing discriminatory laws known as the black codes. Gives whites almost unlimited power. They masked themselves and burned black churches, schools, and terrorized black people.

20. 13th , 14th ,15thamendments 13th- abolishes slavery 14th- all blacks are citizens and have equal protection under the law 15th- all black have the right to vote

21. Conditions for slavery in north compared to south North- more house servants South-more farm hands and many more of them, conditions were much harder and slave owners often used violence to control them

22. Jim Crowe Laws passed in the south after reconstruction enforcing the segregation of blacks and whites

23. Black Codes Laws that restricted freedmen’s rights. The black codes established virtual slavery with provisions such as these: Curfews, Labor Contracts, Limits on women's rights, and land restrictions.

24. Sharecropping and tenant farming people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop

25. Booker T. Washington Believed racism would end if blacks could prove themselves worthy in the workforce Wanted to open vocational schools to teach newly freed slaves a trade

26. W.E.B. DuBois 1st African American to graduate from Harvard College Believed blacks should go to college to become an educated leader

27. Freemen’s Bureau created at end of Civil War that aided southerners (mainly former slaves) with education, finding food, shelter and employment

28. Rutherford B. Hayes and the end of Reconstruction Compromise of 1877- president Hayes promised to: withdraw federal troops from the South name a southerner to his Cabinet support Federal spending on improving the South

29. Plessyv. Ferguson Supreme Court case that ruled “separate but equal” facilities were legal and constitutional

30. Poll taxes, Literacy tests, Grandfather clause All used to keep African Americans from voting Poll taxes- charged a tax at the polls to vote Literacy tests-had to read a test in order to vote Grandfather Clause- if their father or grandfather previously voted, then they could vote