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William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive

Operant Conditioning Part III. William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive. Last rev: June 2012. Operant Conditioning. The study of the impact of consequences on voluntary behavior. The addition and/or subtraction of consequences is done according to different schedules Continuous

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William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive

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  1. Operant Conditioning Part III William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive Last rev: June 2012

  2. Operant Conditioning The study of the impact of consequences on voluntary behavior. The addition and/or subtraction of consequences is done according to different schedules • Continuous • Intermittent Ivan Pavlov—Russian scientist trained in biology and medicine Studied digestive system in dogs

  3. Schedules of Consequences Continuous reinforcement – the target behavior is followed by a consequence each time it occurs. • Excellent for getting new behavior started that you want to increase. • Behavior stops quickly when reinforcement stops. • The schedule of choice for decreasing behavior.

  4. Schedules of Consequences Intermittent schedules based on either • Passage of time OR • Number of correct responses

  5. Schedules of Consequences Consequence can be delivered based on • A fixed amount of time or number of correct responses OR • A slightly different amount of time or number of correct responses that vary around a particular number

  6. Schedules of Consequences Thisresults in four classes of intermittent schedules. Fixed Interval • consequence is given or removed when the first target response is emitted after a set amount of time has passed. • The time period required is always the same. • Example: Spelling test every Friday.

  7. Schedules of Consequences Pattern of behavior for fixed interval schedule

  8. Schedules of Consequences Thisresults in four classes of intermittent schedules. Variable Interval • Consequence is given or removed when the first target response is emitted after a set amount of time has passed. • A time period is then set with the average equaling a specific number. • Example: Pop quiz.

  9. Schedules of Consequences Pattern of behavior for variable interval schedule

  10. Schedules of Consequences Thisresults in four classes of intermittent schedules. Fixed Ratio • Consequence is given or removed when a specified number of target responses have been emitted. • A number of required target behaviors stays the same. • Example: 10 math problems for homework.

  11. Schedules of Consequences Pattern of behavior for fixed interval schedule

  12. Schedules of Consequences Thisresults in four classes of intermittent schedules. Variable Ratio • Consequence is given or removed when a specified number of target responses have been emitted. • The number of required target behaviors changes around an average. • Example: students raises hand to be called upon.

  13. Schedules of Consequences Pattern of behavior for fixed interval schedule

  14. Operant Conditioning Learn more about applying concepts and principles of behavioral approach to modify behavior.

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