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Unification of Italy. Regionalism vs. Nationalism Napoleon sparked nationalism Congress of Vienna ignored nationalist demands Secret organizations formed, started revolts vs. Austria Mazzini founded “Young Italy”. I. Italian Peninsula. Secret group to create a united Italy
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Regionalism vs. Nationalism Napoleon sparked nationalism Congress of Vienna ignored nationalist demands Secret organizations formed, started revolts vs. Austria Mazzini founded “Young Italy” I. Italian Peninsula
Secret group to create a united Italy • Took over Rome, but didn’t last “Ideas grow quickly when watered by the blood of martyrs”
1848 Risorgimento controlled by Sardinia & Victor Emmanuel III Cavour was prime minister (similar to Bismarck) realpolitik, built economy Joined Crimean War vs. Russia, secret deal w/ France to get help vs. Austria Revolutionary fervor spreads & others join revolts against Austria II. Struggle for Italy
Garibaldi started revolts in the South (Sicily) • 1000 red shirt volunteers, Garibaldi won Sicily & moved North to Naples • wanted a Republic of Italy, Cavour wanted a monarchy, on the verge of civil war • Garibaldi turns over his ½ & Emmanuel III is crowned the 1st King of Italy in 1861
No tradition, North was industrial & richer, South was Agricultural & poor Catholic Church vs. New Italian gov’t Constitutional Monarchy w/ bicameral legislature (upper house appointed by the King) Many fled to US, Canada & Latin America Socialists organized strikes & some other groups wanted anarchy III. Trials of a New Nation