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Coccidioidomycosis “Valley Fever ”

Coccidioidomycosis “Valley Fever ”. By: Isatu Conteh Course: Mycology Date: 11/25/2013. Outline of Presentation. Background of disease Transmission and Risk Factors Fungal Species Responsible Forms of the disease & Symptoms Treatment Methods of Prevention. Statistics.

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Coccidioidomycosis “Valley Fever ”

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  1. Coccidioidomycosis“Valley Fever ” By: IsatuConteh Course: Mycology Date: 11/25/2013

  2. Outline of Presentation • Background of disease • Transmission and Risk Factors • Fungal Species Responsible • Forms of the disease & Symptoms • Treatment • Methods of Prevention

  3. Statistics • 30% – 60% of people who live in an endemic region are exposed to the fungus at some point during their lives. • Over 20,000 cases are reported each year in the United States, but many more likely go undiagnosed. • In 2012, 12,920 cases of Valley Fever were in Arizona.

  4. History of Disease • 1891 Buenos Aires, Argentina • Soldier, Student, Alejandros Posadas • Person to person transmission documented in only 5 cases

  5. Whose At Greatest Risk ?

  6. Coccidioides

  7. Acute Progressive Coccidiomycosis • Fever & Headache • Muscle aches • Nonproductive cough • Weight loss • Malaise

  8. Severe Progressive Coccidiomycosis

  9. Treatment • Amphotericin B • Ketoconazole • Fluconazole • Itraconazole

  10. How Do They Do It? Amphotherin B Azoles 1980s introduced as orally active compounds. Azoles stop fungal growth by preventing fungi from making an essential part of their cell wall. Of the three, previously mentioned azole, Itraconazole is the newest and highly effective against a range of different fungal infections. • Amphotericin B acts through pore formation at the cell membrane after binding to ergosterol. • AmBinduces oxidative damage in the cells. • Modulates the immune system, and this activity has been related to the protective effect of the molecule, but also to its toxicity in the host.

  11. Don’t Put Your Head in the Sand

  12. Prevention • Surveillance • Mask • Prophylactic anti-fungal medication • HEPA Air Filters

  13. References • Fisher M, Koenig G, and Taylor J. 2002. Molecular and phenotypic description of Coccidioidesposadasii sp. nov.,previously recognized as the non-California population of Coccidioidesimmitis. Mycologia. 94(1): 73–84. • GalgianiJ. 1993. Coccidioidomycosis. Medicine. Volume 159:153-171 • Greene D, Koenig G, Fisher M, and Taylor J. 2000. Soil Isolation and Molecular Identification of Coccidioidesimmitis. Mycologia, Volume 92:(3):406-410 • Hector R. and Laniado-Laborin R. 2005. Coccidioidomycosis a Fungal Disease of the Americas. Americas. PLoS Medicine. Volume 2:1. • Kirkland T and Fierer J. 1996. Coccidioidomycosis: A Reemerging Infectious Disease. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 3(2). • PanackalA, Hajjeh R, Cetron M, and Warnock D. 2002. Fungal Infections among Returning Travelers. Volume 35:1088–95. • PappagianisD. and Zimmer B. 1990. Serology of Coccidioidomycosis. Clinical Microbiology Review. Volume 3:3:247 • Stevens D. 1995 Coccidioidomycosis . The New Englans Journal of Medicine. Vol. 332: 16.

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