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FROM DÉTENTE TO A 2 ND COLD WAR

FROM DÉTENTE TO A 2 ND COLD WAR. Carter to Reagan Problems in the Middle East. TODD pgs. 175-176. Six Day War 1967. 1966-67: limited fighting along Israel’s borders , especially with Jordan, Syria , and Palestine Liberation Organization

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FROM DÉTENTE TO A 2 ND COLD WAR

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  1. FROM DÉTENTE TO A 2ND COLD WAR Carter to Reagan Problems in the Middle East

  2. TODD pgs. 175-176

  3. Six Day War1967 • 1966-67: limitedfightingalongIsrael’sborders, especiallywith Jordan, Syria, and Palestine LiberationOrganization • May 1967: Soviets gave Egypt false reports thatIsraelwas planning to attackSyria • Nasser expelled UN troopsfromSinai;closed the Straits of Tiran – considered by Israel to be an act of war • June 5: Israellaunchedpre-emptiveattack, particularly on Egyptianairforce • June 10: armistice signed; IsraeloccupiedSinai, West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights

  4. NASSER Dies 1970 encarta.msn.com/.../Gamal_Abdel_Nasser.html

  5. SADAT

  6. Soviet Fleet Yom Kippur War1973 US 6th Fleet • October 6: Egypt and Syriaattack • October 8-13: Israelstabilizes the front • US and Soviets re-supplytheir respective allies • October 14: Egyptian offensive stopped • October 15-25: Israelicounter-offensive • October 25: ceasefire

  7. Yom Kippur War - Results • OAPEC oil embargo against US (1973-4)– leads to energy crisis • US & USSR very close to direct conflict as they aid their allies • Some success early in the war for Arab nations, but also realization that Israel cannot be militarily defeated • Israel badly shaken • Camp David Accords – Peace negotiated between Israel and Egypt; Sinai returned to Egypt • Sadat assassinated in 1981

  8. JIMMY CARTER1977-1980 (Democrat) • Inconsistent Foreign Policy • Initially avoids anti-Soviet rhetoric • Scares USSR with talk of Human Rights • Increased Defense spending • Criticized by Republicans for allowing Soviets to increase power (SS-20’s) • Becomes more hardline – new weapons (Pershing 2 and Cruise missiles

  9. Cruise Missile http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbVifNXs5YQ

  10. 1977 Soviet Military Parade 1977 October Revolution Military Parade

  11. Cyrus Vance – Secretary of State • Détente was possible • Pushed for negotiations and economic ties with Soviet Union www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19780424,00.html

  12. Zbigniew Brzezinski – National Security Adviser • Superior US strength to force USSR to negotiate • Arms race will ruin the Soviet economy www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6729312/site/newsweek/

  13. AFGHANISTAN 1979

  14. AFGHANISTAN http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/asia/afghanistan/soviet.html • http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/3/newsid_2492000/2492329.stm

  15. IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/04/middle_east_iran_hostage_crisis/html/1.stm

  16. Détente is a one-way street USSR is the focus of evil in the modern world Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI or “Star Wars”) Ronald Reagan 1983 – no nuclear talks for the first time in 15 years

  17. Why did Reagan increase military spending?

  18. What was SDI? News Report on Reagan's Strategic Defence Initiative announcement

  19. Why were the Pershing and Cruise missiles an issue?

  20. YURI ANDROPOV – 1982-1984 • Former head of KGB • US relations - followed status quo • Continued war in Afghanistan. Tried to improve Soviet economy • Dies of kidney failure at age 69. He was in power for 15 months

  21. KONSTANTIN CHERNENKO 1984-1985 • Wanted to improve the economy • Wanted to improve relations with the US • He was ill frequently and missed many functions • Died at age 73

  22. SOVIET UNION IN TROUBLE • Serious economic problems: more like a developing country than an industrialized superpower • Technological gap widens • Inefficient (bureaucratic control) • Too much spend on the military – overstretched economy • Black markets spread • ‘malaise’ among the people: poor standard of living

  23. MIKHAIL GORBACHEV • General Secretary at age 54! • “New Thinking” introduced changes in domestic and foreign policies http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538327.stm

  24. NEW THINKINGpg. 185 • Domestic Policies: wants to modernize the economy and liberalize politics • PERESTROIKA • GLASNOST • DEMOKRATIZATSIYA (DEMOCRATIZATION)

  25. Foreign Policies • To end diplomacy shaped by Marxist ideology • Abandons Brezhnev Doctrine • Individualized approach to socialism • Aim is Soviet security • Arms race was pointless – reopens talks • Drops competitive coexistence – speaks of global interdependence • Diplomacy based on human rights, democracy

  26. REAGAN AND GORBACHEV IN MOSCOW Histoire des relations internationales – 1945 à nos jours – Christopher Goscha

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