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Big Trends in Human Evolution

Big Trends in Human Evolution. Introduction – Human Evolution. Mosaic Evolution: ________________________ With respect to human evolution: _____________________ Developed at varying times along our evolutionary history . But how did we get here?. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Big Trends in Human Evolution

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  1. Big Trends in Human Evolution

  2. Introduction – Human Evolution • Mosaic Evolution: ________________________ • With respect to human evolution: • _____________________ • Developed at varying times along our evolutionary history

  3. But how did we get here? • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

  4. Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism • ___________ • Increase in ________ • Changes to hallux • __________ • _______________ • _____________________

  5. Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism

  6. Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism • _______________________ • Increase in surface area • Extension ____________ • __________ - angled towards the middle of the body

  7. Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism 4. Pelvis • _____________________ • ______________________

  8. Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism 5. _________________ • ____________________

  9. Morphological Changes • 6. Foramen Magnum – _______________________ Bipedal – ____________________ Quadrupedal – ______________________

  10. Hominin Evolution

  11. Pre-dating Australopithecus • Hominins discovered in _________________ • Bipedal – debatable in some species • We will focus on the species for which there is ________________of bipedalism

  12. Ardipithecusramidus • Middle Awash area of Ethiopia • Approximately 4.4mya • Found: • 1. • 2. • 3.

  13. Ardipithecus ramidus • Indicators of Bipedalism • ____________________ • Femur and pelvis • Humerus – _______________ • Foot Phalanges ______________

  14. Ardipithecus ramidus

  15. Ardipithecus ramidus • Ardi = “facultative” biped • What do you think this term mean?

  16. Australopithecus afarensis • _______________ • Hadar, Ethiopia • Laetoli, Tanzania • 3.6-3.0 mya • Forest, woodland, grassland

  17. A. afarensis – Traits Bipedal • 1. • 2. Some Arboreal Abilities Retained • 1. • 2.

  18. A. afarensis – Traits

  19. A. afarensis – Traits

  20. Type Fossil – “Lucy” • Found: 1974, Hadar, Ethiopia • ____________________ • Both arms • Much of the pelvis • Left femur, right tibia • Hand and Foot bones • Adult (based on 3rd molar) • _____________

  21. Type Site: Laetoli Footprints • Tanzania • 3.6 mya • 75 feet long preserved • _____________ • ___________ • ______________

  22. A New Hominin • Australopithecus sediba • Discovered in 2008; located in South Africa • Proposed by some to be the best candidate __________ _________________

  23. A New Hominin • Features: • ________________ • Pelvis – ________ of Australopithecus-like and Homo-like features • Hand – • Foot & ankle shape –

  24. The Genus Homo – Overall Trends • Characterized by:

  25. Introduction To Homo habilis • Contemporaneous with _______________________ • Anatomically different than specimens assigned to the genus _______________________ • Distinguishing feature – _________________ • H. habilis shows an ___________________as compared to Australopithecines

  26. Homo habilis – OH 24 • Location: Olduvia Gorge • (Africa) • Comparison to Australopithecines: • 1. • 2. “Twiggy” or OH 24 Dated to ~ 1.8mya

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