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Chapter 9, 10 review

Chapter 9, 10 review. Islam. Muhammad, founder, born 570 CE in Mecca 5 pillars of Islam Quran: Muslim Holy Book Sharia: Islamic Law Umma : Muslim population. Islamic Expansion. Spread of Islam in India and Southeast Asia. 8 th Century CE: Muslims conquer Indus River Valley

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Chapter 9, 10 review

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  1. Chapter 9, 10 review

  2. Islam • Muhammad, founder, born 570 CE in Mecca • 5 pillars of Islam • Quran: Muslim Holy Book • Sharia: Islamic Law • Umma: Muslim population

  3. Islamic Expansion

  4. Spread of Islam in India and Southeast Asia • 8th Century CE: Muslims conquer Indus River Valley • Spread from India to Southeast Asia through trade routes

  5. Islam in Africa • Spread through trade routes and Berbers: North African nomads • Ghana • Mali • Songhay

  6. Sui Dynasty • 581 CE: reunited China (Yang Jian) • Grand Canal: 1,400 mile long

  7. Tang Dynasty • 618: Li Yuan conquers capital • Revival of trade and culture in China • Silk Road comes back

  8. Song Dynasty • 960-1279: Chinese junk ships made trade even better

  9. The Mongols!!!! • Nearly conquered the world • Yuan Dynasty: Dynasty of China ruled by the Mongols

  10. Chapter 10

  11. Muslim Split • Sunni • Accepted Umayyad's as their rulers (not descendants of Muhammad) • Means “followers of tradition” • Shia • Caliphs should be related to Muhammad • Means “partisans of Ali”

  12. Abbasid Caliphate • Overthrew the Umayyads (who fled to Spain) • Capital: Baghdad • Appointed viziers: political advisors

  13. Umayyad rule • Spain: Cordoba- capital of Al-Andalus, Muslim Spain • IbnRushd- Muslim philosopher, wrote about Aristotle, 2-fold truth

  14. Seljuk Turks • 1055: took over Baghdad • Controlled all secular affairs • Abbasids still in control, name only • 1258: Mongols destroy Baghdad, rule comes to an end

  15. Europe: “Dark Ages”

  16. The Franks • First Germanic peoples to convert to Catholic Christianity • Clovis: converted to Christianity (500 CE) • 732: Battle of Tours: stops Muslims invading France

  17. The Franks • Helped the Pope against the Lombards • Pope Steven II made Pepin King of the Franks • Carolingian Dynasty • Set up Papal States

  18. Treaty of Verdun • 843 CE Carolingian Empire Split in 3

  19. France • 987 CE: last Carolingian died, Hugh Capet takes their place • Capetian Dynasty • Only controlled area around Paris (Ile de France)

  20. William of Normandy • Battle of Hastings (1066) • Conquered England • Duke of Normandy also king of England

  21. King John I • William’s Grandson (1215) • Forced to sign Magna Carta • Limits the power of the King

  22. The Crusades • 1099-1251: The Christian Crusaders set up kingdoms in the Middle East • Kingdom of Jerusalem • Creates enmity between the Christians and Muslims • Gives Christians a taste for the Middle East

  23. Delhi Sultanate • Take over Gupta Empire • Turkish Slaves take over and form Delhi Sultanate • Keep India safe from Mongols….for now

  24. Southeast Asia • Funan: state which traded with India and was strongly influenced by both Chinese and Indian Cultures

  25. Japan • Yamato Kingdom: 607 CE • Taika Reforms: set up government based on Tang dynasty bureacracy

  26. Song Dynasty • 960-1279: not very successful in uniting China, but did centralize the government

  27. The Mongols! • Genghis Khan: “Universal Ruler” • United all Mongol tribes • Khanates: political regions

  28. Yuan Dynasty

  29. Aztecs • Calpulli: organization based on households and kinship • 1428: heavy expansion through warfare • Conquered areas paid tribute to Aztec emperor

  30. Incas • Cuzco: capital of the Incas

  31. Fall of Constaninople • 1453: fall of the Byzantine Empire • Ottoman Turks (descended from Seljuk Turks) • End of Roman Empire

  32. Fall of Constantinople: Consequences • End of Roman Empire • First time cannon was used in warfare • Beginning of Ottoman Empire • Continued Muslim/Christian tensions

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