Biotic and Abiotic Factors

1. Biotic and Abiotic Factors

2. What are factors that organisms need in order to survive, or that affect their survival?

3. Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Biotic and abiotic factors are interrelated. • If one factor is changed or removed, it impacts the availability of other resources within the system.

4. Biotic Factors • Biotic factors are all of the living organisms in the environment. • They include animals (insects, birds, reptiles, fish), plants, fungi, protists and bacteria are all biotic or living factors.

5. Abiotic Factors • Abiotic factorsare nonliving factors that affect living organisms. Examples are: Water Temperature Sunlight Wind Rocks / Soil Periodic Disturbances –fire, volcanoes, hurricanes, tornadoes

6. Biotic and Abiotice Factors Video

7. Ecosystem • Biotic and abiotic factors combine to create an ecosystem. • An ecosystem is a community of living and nonliving things considered as a unit.

8. Competition Living organisms compete with organisms of the same species as well as other species for • Food • Water • For nesting space / shelter • For mates to produce offspring • Nutrients from the soil • Sunlight for photosynthesis • Space to grow

9. The Impact of Changing Factors • If a single factor is changed, perhaps by pollution or natural phenomenon, the whole system could be altered. • For example, humans can alter environments through farming or irrigating. While we usually cannot see what we are doing to various ecosystems, the impact is being felt all over. • For example, acid rain in certain regions has resulted in the decline of fish population.

10. The Impact of Changing Factors • If a single factor is changed, perhaps by pollution or natural phenomenon, the whole system could be altered. • For example, humans can alter environments through farming or irrigating. While we usually cannot see what we are doing to various ecosystems, the impact is being felt all over. • For example, acid rain in certain regions has resulted in the decline of fish population.

11. Symbiotic Relationships

12. Create a Concept Web in your Science Journal That looks like this Commensalism Mutualism Symbiosis Parasitism

13. What is symbiosis? • Definition: A close relationship between two different kinds of organisms in which at least one of the organisms benefits. • It is usually a relationship that lasts over a period of time .

14. Types of Symbiosis • There are three types of symbiotic relationships. • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

15. Mutualism • Mutualism is a type of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship. The clownfish and sea anemone are an example of mutualism. Although these anemones stun and devour other species of fish, clownfish are not harmed. Clownfishes were thought to be commensal on the giant sea anemones, but there now is evidence that the aggressively territorial clownfishes chase away butterfly fishes, who eat anemone tentacles.

16. Mutualism:Moray eel with Cleaner Fish Moray eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal

17. Commensalism • Commensalism is a type of symbiosis where one species benefits while the second species is neither helped nor harmed. (it is unaffected) Cattle and egret.

18. Commensalism: Cattle w/ cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grassEgrets hang around and eat insects

19. Orchids grow on tree branches in rainforests to be closer to sunlight

20. Parasitism • Parasitism is a type of symbiosis where one organism benefits while the other is harmed. • Usually the parasite lives in or on the host organism. Wasp and caterpillar

21. Parasites common in dogs

22. Aphids or “Plant Lice” suck the sap from plants

23. Do parasites generally kill their host?Why?