FC.140 THE EARLY YEARS OF THE COLD WAR (1948-53)

1. McCarthy’s anti-Comm. hysteria Indirectly via 3rd parties to avoid US/Sov. war US helps Japan’s econ. revival to stop communism from spreading West moves to create indep. W. Ger. Stalin blockades W. Berlin US & Brit. airlift supplies into W. Berlin (1948-9) Stalin lifts blockade to avoid war  2 opposing alliances: Warsaw Pact in 1955 to guard SU vs. attacks from West N. Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO) to guard W. Eur. vs.SU (1949) Europe a potential battlefield as NATO & Warsaw Pact forces stay mobilized Soviet backed N. Koreans invade S. Korea Korean War (1950-3) Threat of WWIII  Both sides realize need for compromise UN forces led by US fight N. Kor. & Chinese forces DirectlyMust resolve in peacefully to avoid war BOP in E. Asia b/w US-backed Taiwan, Japan & S Kor. vs Com. China & N Kor. Cold War  Series of crises resolved either: US & SU increasingly paranoid of each other: McCarthy finally discredited, but Anti-Comm. paranoia persists for decades Stalin dies (1953)  More moderate rule but can’t immediately dismantle his legacy EUROPE ASIA SU dev’s A-Bomb (1949)  threat of Nuc. War Stalinist terror & gulags revived US keeps forces in S. Korea to guard vs. N. Korea & Communist China FC.140 THE EARLY YEARS OF THE COLD WAR (1948-53) Communists take over China in 1949 (FC.147) (FC.139) (FC.139) Uncertainty on both sides about how to deal with one another after Stalin’s death in 1953 (FC.141)

2. Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary Sov. army crushes uprising Peace talks in Korea resume two wks later Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956) Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule  NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955) Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US Worker riots in E. Ger. nearly over-throw Com’s Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956) Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt. Beria, Stalin’s old right hand man, is executed Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia Sign truce in July, 1953 FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56) Stalin’s death in March, 1953  Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.140) Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources (FC.140) USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140) Suez Crisis diverts US attention from Hungary (FC.146A) Suez Crisis diverts US attention from Hungary (FC.146A) US-Soviet relations deteriorate in late 1950s (FC.143)

3. Quizbowl ‘48

4. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU?

5. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy

6. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift?

7. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles

8. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift?

9. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators

10. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries?

11. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux

12. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark.

13. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark. Imported 20m. Cigarettes

14. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark. Imported 20m. Cigarettes 6) Tentative name of the combined US and British sectors?

15. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark. Imported 20m. Cigarettes 6) Tentative name of the combined US and British sectors? Bizonia

16. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark. Imported 20m. Cigarettes 6) Tentative name of the combined US and British sectors? Bizonia 7) What besides a furry animal were Yaks?

17. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark. Imported 20m. Cigarettes 6) Tentative name of the combined US and British sectors? Bizonia 7) What besides a furry animal were Yaks? Soviet fighter planes

18. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark. Imported 20m. Cigarettes 6) Tentative name of the combined US and British sectors? Bizonia 7) What besides a furry animal were Yaks? Soviet fighter planes 8) Complete the following jingle & who created it On curves ahead Remember, sonny That rabbit's foot

19. 1) Two Cold War strategies followed by US & SU? Brinksmanship; fighting by proxy 2) British & American codenames for the airlift? Operation Planefare & Operation Vittles 3) How did dentists get electricity during the airlift? Bicycle generators 4) What are Belgium, Holland, & Luxembourg collectively called besides the Low Countries? Benelux 5) How did US stabilize W. Ger’s economy before introducing the new mark. Imported 20m. Cigarettes 6) Tentative name of the combined US and British sectors? Bizonia 7) What besides a furry animal were Yaks? Soviet fighter planes 8) Complete the following jingle & who created it On curves ahead Remember, sonny That rabbit's foot Didn't save the bunny Burma-Shave

20. VIDEO QUIZ BOWL!

21. What article in Colliers Magazine was this picture advertising in October, 1951? A fictionalized account of a nuclear war with Russia. What was the result? We won.

22. Identify this plane & its significance? Russian MIG jet that evened the playing field in Korea What was MIG Alley Area over N. Korea & close to China where US & Russian jets clashed What secret did US keep about it & why? Russian pilots were flying the MIGs; To avoid direct war with USSR

23. In what year did Dewey beat Truman? He didn’t; but Truman beat Dewey in 1948

24. Who was the inspiration for this drink? The Soviet foreign minister Molotov?

25. Who are these men & what happened at this meeting? Harry Truman and Douglas Mac Arthur; Mac Arthur snubbed Truman by turning down a lunch invitation because he was too busy What did Truman say about this meeting & why? It was the best meeting he ever had; he had to save face for the 1950 mid-term elections What did Mac Arthur assure Truman of & what happened? He said China wouldn’t enter the Korean War. It did. What finally happened between these men? Truman sacked Mac Arthur since he wanted to use nuclear weapons Famous saying in Mac Arthur’s farewell speech? “Old soldiers never die. They just fade away.”

26. What is this a picture of? Soviet tanks (with insurgents’ markings) captured by Hungarian rebels What year did the Hungarian revolt take place? 1956

27. What’s the story behind this picture?

28. . Who is this man & why is he throwing away his clothes?

29. Who is this camel & what is he doing here?

30. Story behind this empty chair

31. Movie & significance? Y

32. “A Commie. She was a jerky Red. She owned all the trimmings and she was still a Red. What the hell was she hoping for, a government order to share it all with the masses? Yeah. a joint like this would suddenly assume a new owner under a new regime. A fat little general, a ranking secret policeman, somebody. Sure it’s great to be a Commie…as long as you’re top dog. Who the hell was supposed to be fooled by all the crap?…Read the papers today. See what it says about the Red Menace. See how they play up their sneaking, conniving ways. They’re supposed to be clever, bright as hell. They were dumb as horse manure as far as I was concerned. They were a pack of thugs thinking they could outsmart a world. Great.” Author & significance?

33. Who are these people and what river are they crossing?

34. Plot of this movie?

35. Plot of this movie? John Wayne’s nickname for Janet Leigh in this movie?

36. Who is the man w/the medals?

37. Who is this a picture of?

38. Who is this a picture of? Where did they find this microfilm?

39. Who is this a picture of? Where did they find this microfilm? Whom did it get convicted?

40. Who are these people?.

41. Identify the man on the right Syngman Rhee, president of S. Korea

42. What is this a picture of? Bombing a North Korean convoy with napalm What problem did jet pilots have in this kind of operation? Jets were so fast that it was hard to pinpoint a bombing target

43. What strategy does this illustrated? Strategic bombing of N. Korea’s infrastructure How successful was it & why? Not very because it cost us a lot of planes

44. Name of this movie & the basic plotline? Dr. Strangelove; a crazy general launches a preemptive nuclear attack on Russia Who was the mad general modeled after? Head of SAC, Curtis LeMay What specific reason did he have for attacking Russia? The Russians were sapping us of our precious bodily fluids Star of the Movie? Peter Sellers How many roles did he play? Three

45. What’s going on here? Negotiations to end the Korean War Year of the armistice? 1953 Name of the place? Panmunjon What event especially led to the armistice & how? Stalin’s death freed N. Korea to agree to peace

46. What were these people protesting?

47. What were these people protesting? Why did Julius Rosenberg pass nuclear secrets to the Russians?

48. What were these people protesting? Why did Julius Rosenberg pass nuclear secrets to the Russians? What technical point made the charge of treason questionable?

49. Who is this man & what happened to him?

50. 1) When did West Berliners get electricity during the Airlift?