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Introduction. Transportation topic. Getting the Most Out of Camp. Someone made some sacrifices to make it possible for you to be here The next two or three weeks are likely the best chance you will have to get better this entire year
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Introduction Transportation topic
Getting the Most Out of Camp • Someone made some sacrifices to make it possible for you to be here • The next two or three weeks are likely the best chance you will have to get better this entire year • Pay attention. The staff and your fellow students have knowledge you may obtain, and knowledge is power. • Cultivate self-discipline—forgoing smaller, short-term gains for larger, long-term rewards
The Resolution • Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its transportation infrastructure investment in the United States.
Why the Fuss? • U.S. transportation system has been described as being “in crisis” • Transportation intersects with virtually every part of the economy and pure everyday living • Federal infrastructure policymaking is largely broken as a process—nearly 3 years since the passage of the last full transportation bill • It’s better than the immigration resolution [false—economic migration would have been far cooler]
“Transportation” • Definition: the movement of things (people, animals and objects) from one location to another • Three basic types • Individual • Passenger • Freight
Cont’d • Modes of tranport(ation) include • Walking (pedestrian) • Bicycling/self-powered • Waterways • Powered individual transit (cars) [surface] • Powered mass transit [surface] • Powered air transit [individual and mass] • Space transit • Pipelines? [powered by gravity]
“Infrastructure” • Means the things that facilitate transport/make transportation possible • Bike paths/lanes, sidewalks • Air corridors, air fields, air terminals • Roads , refueling facilities, trucking freight terminals • Ports, canals, waterways • Railways/beds, rail terminals • Bus stops, dedicated buslines • Pipelines • Potential distinction between the mode of tranport (car) and that which facilitates it (road)
“Investment” • Means deploying resources (time, money, material) with the expectation of some future gain • Is used *broadly* and *frequently* in the context of infrastructure • May end up meaning “all government money spent on infrastructure”
“United States federal government” • Are other “United States”? • Brazil • Netherlands • “United States” means “U.S.A.”! • “Federal government” means either • The government based in Washington DC [or] • The system of government that includes the national and state governments within the federal system • Potential issues • “USFG” means all 3 branches • “USFG should” means government action, not individual advocacy
“should substantially increase” • “Substantial/substantially” • Means essentially, in the main, large, etc. • Disputes arise from claims of the necessary size and nature of the increase • “Should”—does it imply (necessitate) a plan • “Increase” • means to augment, make bigger, or qualitatively improve • Potential disputes include whether • it must be pre-existing TII • Whether there must be an increase in the size of TII, or can just improve it
“its” & “in the United States” • “Its” means the possessive form of “it”; used as a modifier before a noun • “transportation infrastructure investment” must belong to/be of “USFG” • “in the United States” limits (geographically) the context within which TII may occur
Impact Ground • Economy: competitiveness, employment, productivity, specific industries, etc • Energy: oil and other fossil fuels as they intersect with all impacts • Environment: air/water pollution, climate, land conversion • Equity: race, colonialism, gender, able-ism, rural, urban • Security: hegemony, resource wars, terrorism
Affirmatives • Active Transport: bike pathways, sidewalks, traffic suppression • Air: security, navigation, rural • Cars: alt fuels, congestion control, rural • Freight: highway, ports, rail • Fuel transportation: NG/oil pipelines, LNG • Funding mechanism: NIB • Mass Transit: LRT, BRT, HSR, federal funding • Military: Alt vehicles, airfields • Space: space elevator, spaceports (private) • Specific groups: urban areas, indigenous communities, federal territories
Negative Arguments • Disadvantages • Budget • Politics/Elections • Impact turns to aff advantages (claimed or not) • Counterplans • Advantage • Process/Agent • Mechanism • Kritiks: sky’s the limit