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RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY. AS Source Of Clean Electrical Generation By Prof. Mohamed A. H. El-Sayed. World Electricity Consumption 2003-2030. World CO 2 Emission. Challenges. Increase amount of CO 2 as a result of fossil fuel combustion.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY

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  1. RENEWABLE ENERGY AS Source Of Clean Electrical Generation By Prof. Mohamed A. H. El-Sayed

  2. World Electricity Consumption2003-2030

  3. World CO2 Emission

  4. Challenges • Increase amount of CO2 as a result of fossil fuel combustion. • Doubling CO2 content in atmosphere leads to temperature rise of 4.5 o C • The fossil fuel world economy has 2 C/C: -Fossil fuel resources are finite and run out in 40 a. -Reserves of fossil fuels are found at limited number of location and require transmission to load centers.

  5. Alternatives to Fossil Fuels • The alternatives to fossil fuels are renewable energy including: • Solar energy • Wind energy • Fuel cells • Shell’s study indicated that half of the world’s energy need in year 2050 will be supplied by renewable resources. • Therefore, a lot of R&D work still remains to be done in this area such as cost reduction, efficient and optimal mode of operation.

  6. Development of cumulative PV Power

  7. Equivalent Circuit for PV Cell

  8. Maximum point trackingUsing ANN

  9. Basic Structure of FLC

  10. Proposed digital MPP Control

  11. Membership Functions

  12. Rule Base of FLC

  13. γPerformance with FLC

  14. Power Performance with FLC

  15. Basic Configuration ofPV/Grid Energy System

  16. PV/Grid Energy System Configurations • Large Single Inverter Type (Central Inverter) • Multiple Small Inverter Type (String Inverter) • DC Bus (Multi-string Inverter) • “AC” Module

  17. PV Applications in Egypt (5 MW)

  18. Solar Thermal Generation

  19. Solar Thermal Generation

  20. Kuraymat Hybrid Solar Thermal Plant • The project site 90 km south Cairo 2x150 MW • An uninhabited flat desert land. • High intensity direct solar radiation reaches to 2400 kWh /m2 / year. • An extended unified power grid and expanded natural gas pipelines. • Near to the sources of water.

  21. Hybrid Solar Combined Plant

  22. Solar Field • The total area of the solar collectors is about 130000 m2 tracking the sun from east to west while rotating on a north-south axis. • A heat transfer fluid (HTF), (typically synthetic oil) heated to a temperature up to 400 oC. The fluid is pumped to a heat exchanger to generate steam introducing it to the Steam Turbine (ST) to generate electricity.

  23. Power Block . Combined Cycle power plant consists of : -Two natural gas Turbines of about 41.5 MW -Two Heat Recovery Steam Generators. -One steam turbine of about 68 MW. -Cooling system

  24. Technical Design

  25. Wind Energy Advantages: -Clean source of Energy. -Lowest-priced renewable technologies 4 to 6 cent/kWh. Disadvantages: -Noise produced by the rotor blades. -Birds have been killed by flying into the rotors. These problems have been resolved by properly sitting wind plants.

  26. Rabid Growth of Wind Capacity

  27. Horizontal- Vertical-axis turbines

  28. Wind Turbines Type of Wind Turbines: • -Most of Wind turbines being used today are horizontal-axis type. • -Horizontal-axis wind turbines typically either have two or three blades. • -Utility-scale turbines range in size from 100 kW to several MW. • -Larger turbines are grouped together into wind farm, which provide bulk power to electrical grid.

  29. Wind Turbines

  30. Development of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

  31. Available power Power coefficient Tip-speed ratio Generator speed has to be changed from 1000 to 2000 rpm Wind speed changes from 7 to 13 m/s Wind Power Calculation .

  32. Wind Energy Conversion System

  33. Variable speed Double Fed IG

  34. Wind Atlas of Egypt

  35. Wind Speed of Zafarana in Egypt

  36. Technical Indicators of 2003/2004 Zafarana Wind Farm (140 MW) -Average Wind Speed (M/s) 9 -Firm Capacity Factor (%) 43 -Availability Factor (%) 98.8 -Generated Electricity/year (GWh) 378 -Fuel Saving (Thou. Ton) 82 -CO2 Reduction (Thou. Ton) 204

  37. NREA’ site at Zafarana

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