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VOLCANOES

Discover the fascinating world of volcanoes, from the ancient eruption in Pompeii to the fiery Ring of Fire encircling the Pacific Ocean. Learn about the parts of a volcano, how they form, and where they occur. Engage in activities like modeling magma movement and plotting volcanoes on a map. Uncover the mysteries and power of these natural wonders!

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VOLCANOES

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  1. VOLCANOES Chapter 12 - pages 330-353

  2. K-W-L What do I know about volcanoes? What do I want to know about volcanoes? What did I learn about volcanoes?

  3. Volcano Thoughts…Do you agree ordisagree?Write A or D.

  4. Volcano Introduction Movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Be7o6BYVOzA

  5. PompeiiReader’s Theatre:Buried Alive

  6. Pompeii • Picture of Ancient Pompeii Prior to Volcanic Eruption: http://www.ancientvine.com/pompeii.html • Real Pictures to Show of Pompeii Uncovered: http://missionlanguagelab.blogspot.com/2010/03/this-young-man-is-writing-about-great.html

  7. What did we learn about volcanoes from the eruption in Pompeii of Mt. Vesuvius?

  8. Mount Vesuvius Eruption http://litchfieldpatten.weebly.com/vesuvius-exploration.html

  9. Pompeii video http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/discovery-presents/videos/understanding-volcanoes-images-from-pompeii.htm

  10. On your own… • Read Pliny’s letter • Read page 352 in your textbook about Herculaneum • Read worksheet “Buried Alive” • Answer the questions in the packet

  11. Review Vocabulary • What is lava? • What is magma? • What is a volcano?

  12. What is a volcano? An opening in the Earth that allows lava, ash, and gases to escape the earth’s crust

  13. What is the difference between a mountain and a volcano? A mountain is built by two plates at a convergent boundary. A volcano is built through the build up of molten lava cooling and hardening.

  14. PARTS OF A VOLCANO

  15. Magma Chamber • a large pocket underground full of magma • usually about 5 miles under the surface of the earth • it is where lava comes from

  16. Lava • comes from the magma chamber when a volcano erupts • magma that has reached the earth’s surface • it is over 1000 degrees hot • it turns into igneous rock

  17. aa – flows slowly and chunky

  18. pahoehoe – fluid and rope like

  19. pillow lava – pillow shaped lumpsmost common

  20. Gas and Ash • made of millions of tiny fragments of rock and glass formed during a volcanic eruption • less than 2 mm in size • causes damage because ash can be carried great distances throughout the atmosphere • it has a cooling effect on the weather because it remains in the sky and reduces sunlight • gas is released from the magma chamber

  21. Vent • the opening in the volcano where lava escapes • usually found as a hole at the top of the volcano • can also be found as cracks along the side

  22. Crater • as lava flows out, it quickly cools and forms layers of rock around the vent • the steeped walled depression around a vent

  23. pyroclastic flow – ash and cinders

  24. Using page 332 in your textbook and the diagram to draw in your science notebook a volcano with the following parts labeled: Side vent Lava Central Vent Crater Ash and gases Crust Magma chamber Mantle

  25. Mini Lab:Modeling Magma Movementclear plastic cupolive oilwatereye dropperlab report sheet

  26. How do volcanoes form? • Heat and pressure cause rock to melt • Magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, so it is forced upward • The magma either flows out of the volcano, or it explodes out • Magma hardens as it cools, forming layers of rock

  27. Where do volcanoes occur?

  28. 6B Predictions • In water • All over the world • The ocean • Under the earth(inside) • Where earthquakes happen • On fault lines • Where plates smash • Hawaii • Where there are mountains • Warm climates • Cool climates 6P Predictions • NEAR THE EQUATOR • HOT SPOTS • ON EARTH • UNDER THE SEA • UNDER THE EARTH’S SURFACE • WHERE PLATES MOVE • WARM CLIMATES • HAWAII • WHERE VOLCANOES HAVE ALREADY OCCURRED • ITALY • POMPEII • NEAR MOUNTAINS

  29. LAB:Plotting Volcanoes Longitude lines: Run north to south/up and down Latitude lines: Run east to west/left to right

  30. Check out this website… • http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/forces-of-nature/?section=v#

  31. Ring of Fire • large series of volcanoes (some active) encircling the Pacific Ocean are referred to as being part of the Ring of Fire • notorious for frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. • The Ring of Fire coincides with the edges of one of the world's main tectonic plates, (the Pacific Plate) • contains over 450 volcanoes and is home to approximately 75% of the world's active volcanoes. • Nearly 90% of the world's earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnilQsno2WI Mr. Parr’s Volcano Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fsz1hs-c-U4 Video on ring of fire

  32. Where do volcanoes occur? Divergent plate boundaries: • Two plates move apart • The mid-Atlantic ridge • Plates separate, cracks called rifts form, and lava flows from the cracks • Surtsey – 1963 new island was formed http://www.surtsey.is/pict/pp_pict_eng/eruption/eruption_index.html

  33. Where do volcanoes occur? Convergent Plate Boundaries: • Two plates move together • Oceanic plate under continental plate • Oceanic plate under oceanic plate • Magma forms when the plate sliding below another gets deep enough and hot enough to melt partially causing the magma to rise

  34. Soufriere Hills on the island of Montserrat http://www.photovolcanica.com/VolcanoInfo/Soufriere%20Hills/Soufriere%20Hills.html

  35. Where do volcanoes form? • hot spots • magma rises up through the crust in the middle of a plate • the hot spot remains in one spot while the plate continues to move over it • the result is a trail of volcanoes is left behind with older volcanoes moving away from the hot spot and newer ones forming over top of the hot spot

  36. Hawaiian Islands https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Mid-plate/Hawaiian-Islands

  37. Famous Volcanoes

  38. 1. Mount Fuji, Japan • This volcano is created where the Philippines Plate is subducted under the Eurasian Plate. Last eruption was 1708.

  39. 2. Mauna Loa, Hawaii • The world’s largest and one of its most active volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii.

  40. 3. Mount Saint Helens, Washington • Erupted in 1980 • ask your parents, most will remember this!

  41. 4. Paricutin, Mexico • Begin in 1943 and continued to 1952. Cone grew 1100 feet in one year! Began in a farmer’s field with a crack in the earth.

  42. 5. Cerro Negro, Nicaragua • April 1850 and very active; last eruption was 1999

  43. 6. Mount Vesuvius, Italy • The explosion of this volcano in 79 AD was so great that is destroyed all the civilizations around it.

  44. 7. Olympus Mons, Mars • This volcano, while the tallest volcano in the universe, is very flat and sits above a hot spot (Mars doesn’t have tectonic plates).

  45. 8. Krakatoa, Indonesia • The 1883 explosion of this volcano was so big that it could be heard 3,000 miles away. That’s like being able to hear a volcano that exploded in New York City all the way in Oakland.

  46. Volcano Eruption Types • active – currently erupting or shows signs of unrest such as earthquake activity or gas discharged; it is also a volcano that is not currently erupting but has in the recent past; Kileaua in Hawaii • dormant – called “sleeping” volcanoes because they are inactive, but could erupt again; Cascade mountain range along the west side of North America • extinct – not presently erupting and is unlikely to do so for a very long time in the future; Crater Lake in Oregon

  47. current volcanic eruptionIndonesia http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/13/world/asia/indonesia-volcano-eruption-evacuation/ February 2014

  48. 2000 meter plume

  49. 15,000 evacuated from 17 villages

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