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AGORA

AGORA. A wide, open area in the middle of the city that served as a market place. ASSEMBLY. The main decision-making body of Athenian democracy. Every mail citizen could participate in the Assembly. Decisions were made according to the will of the majority. ATTICA.

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AGORA

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  1. AGORA A wide, open area in the middle of the city that served as a market place

  2. ASSEMBLY The main decision-making body of Athenian democracy. Every mail citizen could participate in the Assembly. Decisions were made according to the will of the majority

  3. ATTICA The area of Greece dominated by the city-state of Athens. Normally, only people from one of the ten tribes of Attica could become citizens

  4. BOULETERION The meeting place of the council of 500 CITY STATE The city that has all the power of an independent nation. In ancient Greece, powerful city-states often dominated the area around them as well.

  5. COUNCIL OF 500 A democratic decision making body. The Council, or the Boule, advised the Assembly, helped prepare its agenda, and dealt with emergencies. Citizens of Athens were divided into 10 tribes, and each tribe had 50 members on the Council. 10 x 50 = 500

  6. DEMOS Formally the city-state of Athens. Informally, the ancient Greek word for “people”. One of the root word for ‘democracy’

  7. MAGISTRATE A person who heard cases in the law courts of Athens. The magistrate could judge the case himself, or refer it to a jury

  8. METIC A foreign-born person living in Athens. Metics were free, but could not participate in Athenian democracy

  9. OLYMPIA A sacred site in the southwest Greece. The original Olympic Games were held here to honour the god Zeus. Not to be confused with Mt. Olympus, a mountain in northern Greece.

  10. OSTRACISM The practice of exiling (forcing to leave) a person based on a majority vote in the Assembly. Today, ostracism means to exclude or banish someone from a group

  11. PERICLES An Athenian general and leader. Pericles is the person most associated with Athenian Democracy and Athens’s ‘Golden Age’ of philosophy and art

  12. PNYX The meeting place of the Assembly; a large, open area on the outskirts of ancient Athens

  13. SPARTA A city in southwest Greece. In ancient times, the city-state of Sparta was Athens’s rival for power in Greece, and fought often. All Spartan males were soldiers

  14. CHIEF One of the political leaders of the Iroquois. Chiefs were chosen by the clan mothers, who had hereditary ownership of the title. In each Iroquois nation, there was one chief from each clan within the nation

  15. CLAN MOTHER The hereditary leader of an Iroquois clan. Clan mothers “owned” the title of chief, which she could give or take away as she chose

  16. CLAN A group of Iroquois who considered one another family, even if they were not blood relatives. Clans were named after animals, such as Wolf or Turtle. Each clan was led my a clan mother. Members of different Iroquois Nations could belong to the same clan

  17. CONFEDERACY A political body made up of multiple nations or states ELDER BROTHERS The Mohawk and the Seneca Nation, who were the first to join the Confederacy

  18. FIREKEEPER The Onondaga Nation, who hosted the Grand Council of the Iroquois Confederation

  19. GRAND COUNCIL The main political body of the Iroquois, comprising 50 chiefs from the five original nations. The Grand Council made decision by consensus

  20. GREAT LAW OF PEACE The governing law of the Iroquois; essentially their constitution

  21. HAUDEN0SAUNEE The Iroquois name for themselves. Literally, “people of the longhouse” THREE SISTERS Bean, corn and squash: the main food source of the Iroquois

  22. HIAWATHA An important figure in Iroquois legends; he helped the Peacemaker to convince the original Five Nations to accept the Great Law of Peace

  23. LONGHOUSE The traditional dwelling (living space) of the Iroquois PEACEMAKER/ DEGANAWIDAH A Huron man who brought the Great Law of Peace to the Iroquois

  24. PINE TREE CHIEF A man with great ability appointed by the Grand Council. Pine Tree Chiefs were the use their gifts for the good of the Iroquois

  25. TADODAHO In Iroquois legend, an evil chief who initially refused to accept the Great Peace until Hiawatha convinced him. Today, Tadodaho is the title given to the spiritual leader of the Six Nations

  26. WAMPUM Coloured shells. The Iroquois strung wampum together, or made wampum belts. Wampum string and belts have great ceremonial, spiritual, and historical importance to the Iroquois

  27. THE SIX NATIONS The Six Nations make up the Haudenosaunee. These Nations include; the Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Mohawk and Tuscarora The Tuscarora, were not a part of the original five, were represented by the Chiefs of the Oneida in the Grand Council

  28. WAR CHIEF A man appointed by the Council as war leaders. Wars chiefs could also convey warnings to the Grand Council if the clan mothers felt that they were breaking the Great Law

  29. YOUNGER BROTHERS The Oneida and Cayuga Nations, who joined the Confederacy after the Mohawk and the Seneca

  30. DEMOCRACY A form of government in which the power resides in the people FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS Include the freedom of speech, thought, opinion, and religion

  31. REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY Allows citizens to use their right to vote to elect a representative who will express their concerns and make political decisions for them

  32. DIRECT DEMOCRACY Government is based on the citizens themselves voting directly on political matters

  33. DEMOCRATIC FREEDOMS Ensure Canadians have the right to vote for representatives in federal and provincial governments MOBILITY RIGHTS Allow all citizens with permanent residency status in Canada the right to live, work and travel anywhere in Canada

  34. LEGAL RIGHTS Ensure the safety of Canadians and protect citizens involved in the legal conflict COLLECTIVE RIGHTS AND IDENTITY Belong to individuals who together form a particular group. Groups that share common beliefs, language, culture, and values

  35. EQUALITY RIGHTS Ensure equal and fair treatment to everyone. Equality rights involve treating all individuals equally regardless of religion, race, ethnic or national origin, cognitive or physical impairments, age, or gender.

  36. ACCOMMODATING Adjusting or changing the way something is done so that everyone has a equal chance ACCOUNTABLE Taking responsibility for your actions

  37. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Is a part of Provincial Government. Executive Council is made up of the Premier and the Cabinet Additionally, the Premier assigns each cabinet minister a different area of responsibility to oversee a particular government department, such as Education

  38. ACT A bill that has been passed by the Legislative Assembly and signed into law by the Lieutenant Governor BILL A proposed, or suggested, law

  39. BYLAW A law passed by a local government Cabinet Minister An elected representative who is in charge of a provincial government department

  40. COMMON GOOD A condition that benefits the majority. For example, a community park or planting trees CONFEDERACY A partnership agreed upon by nations or groups of people

  41. CONSTITUENCY A voting district CONSTITUENTS People who live in the area represented by a member of government

  42. CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY A system of government with a king or a queen at its head of state COUNCIL A group of elected representatives, that includes councillors, who make decisions for local government

  43. DEFENDANT The person accused of a crime on a court case DIVERSITY Respecting people from varied cultures and backgrounds

  44. ENTRENCH To firmly establish, securely written. For example, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is entrenched in the Constitution. This makes it very difficult to change any part of the Charter

  45. Equality Treating everyone the same, regardless of such factors as race, gender, or religion Equity Treating people fairly; sometimes accommodations need to be made so that things will be equal of fair for everyone. This means everyone can have the same opportunities

  46. GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS A group of concerned individuals who work together on environmental, political and social issues. For example, the Sierra Club, who has been involved in preserving wilderness and wildlife for 100 years, is a Grassroots organization

  47. MAGNA CARTA The first Charter of Rights signed in England in 1215 INTERNED When people are forced to stay in a particular place

  48. MAJORITY RULE Decisions determined by 51 percent or more of the voters recorded PERSPECTIVE A point of view shared by a group

  49. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION A group organized by on a local, national or international level that does not work with government. They work on issues such as environment, health, or human rights. For example, Big Brothers Big Sisters, is an NGO

  50. OPPOSITION MEMBER An elected member of the Legislative Assembly who is not a member of the party in power. For example, in Alberta the Wildroseparty is opposition to the Progressive Conservative party

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