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What was the Renaissance?

What was the Renaissance?. Italy Italian Cities Urban (Non-Rural) Societies Major Trading Centers Secular (Non-Religious) Moved away from life in the church Focuses more on material objects and enjoying life. … and where did it begin?. What does all this mean ?.

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What was the Renaissance?

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  1. What was the Renaissance? • Italy • Italian Cities • Urban (Non-Rural) Societies • Major Trading Centers • Secular (Non-Religious) • Moved away from life in the church • Focuses more on material objects and enjoying life … and where did it begin?

  2. What does all this mean? People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings. • The Renaissance was a time of renewal Renaissancemeans rebirth or revivaland Europe was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague

  3. Causes of the Renaissance

  4. Effects of the Renaissance

  5. Scientific Revolution The ScientificRevolution

  6. Discoveries & Achievements • The Scientific Revolution was from 1650s to Early 1800s • It involved gradual developments in astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology.

  7. Causes of the Scientific Revolution • Medieval Intellectual Life and Medieval Universities • The Italian Renaissance • Renewed emphasis on mathematics • Renaissance idea of Humanism • Navigational problems of long sea voyages • Better scientific instruments

  8. Copernicus (1473-1543) • Aim to glorify God • Sun-centered universe • Challenged circular orbits • Universe of staggering size • Earth no different than any other planet • On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543) Did not get in trouble by the Roman Catholic Church since his theory was published after his death.

  9. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) • Used the experimental method • He made discoveries using the telescope • He challenged the church’s categories of “form” and “matter” • End of his life was house arrest for being a heretic

  10. Effects of the Scientific Revolution • Rise of the “Scientific Community” --Royal Society of London (1662) --Academy of Royal Sciences (1666) • The modern scientific method • A universe ordered according to natural laws

  11. Scientific Method

  12. Humanism An intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects instead of religious issues. • Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture • Was supported by wealthy patrons

  13. Political Ideas of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli “The Prince” Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule. • He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience. • Niccolò Machiavelli

  14. Machiavellian Niccolò Machiavelli (1469 - 1527) The Prince (1513) • Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved • Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making • Ruler keeps power by any means necessary • The end justifies the means • Be good when possible, and evil when necessary

  15. AIM: Why did Europeans want to go out and explore the world? 3 “G’s” and a “T”

  16. Columbian Exchange

  17. Protestant Reformation What was the Protestant Reformation? TO Protest Reform What/Who? Roman Catholic Church

  18. What had become the biggest authority figure of the Middle Ages? The Pope The Middle Ages The Catholic Church

  19. Renaissance's effect • People began to question their lives and church authority. WHY? The Plague Questioned their faith Humanism Trade Focus on the Individual Rise of Wealth &the Middle Class

  20. Martin Luther- 1517 • German monk • Questioned Churches practices • Sale of indulgences “ selling forgiveness for sins” (Automatic trip to heaven in the after-life by paying the church to forgive your sins)

  21. 95 Theses Luther was so upset at church he decided to write down the95 Theses (95 things church is doing wrong) and nails them to the church in Wittenberg (Germany)

  22. How did this become such a big deal? • Effect of the printing press – ideas are spread faster • Opened people’s eyes to church malpractices (wrong doings)

  23. Martin Luther • “Faith Alone” will save you • All should read the Bible in their own vernacular (language) • Priests do not have special powers • Religious Education for all

  24. Church’s Reaction? Let him say what he wants Nope! Don’t let him get away with it Yup! Punish Him • Want Martin Luther to recant (take back) what he said @ Diet of Worms • Diet – group/assembly • Worms is a place in Germany

  25. Luther’s Response to the Church NO WAY DUDE!Hiersteheich. Ichkannnichtanders. Gotthelfemir. Amen." ("Here I stand. I can do nothing else. God help me.) He is excommunicated (banned) from the church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

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