Warm-up

1. Warm-up • Using the LEFT side of your Composition Notebook (or a separate sheet of paper) • Imagine the last argument you had with a friend, family member, etc. (or the last break-up!) • In your journal (with complete sentences): • Describe the argument (what was it about, how did it end) • Now reflect, did the argument happen over just one single issue? OR was it after a series of other things that person did to get on your nerves?

3. America: The Story of Us • When was the Fugitive Slave Act passed, and what were the consequences of this law? 2. In this episode, a commentator says that the Civil War played a role in advancing U.S. industrial progress. Can you give an example that proves this argument? 3. Define the word “inevitable” – what does this word mean? Do you think the Civil War was inevitable? 4. In your opinion, to what extent was slavery the primary cause of the Civil War? Why? (4-5sentences)

4. Who has the Advantage? North South Confederacy 11 states + bordering territories 9 million people (3.5 were slaves) Agrarian society Less than 30% of nation’s railroad Dependent on imports, cannot tax citizens directly Superior military leadership Union: • 23 states • 22 million people • 80% of nation’s factories • 90% of nation’s skilled workers • Extensive railroad power & navy • 70% of the nation’s wealth • Few experienced military leaders

5. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Maine admitted as free state • Missouri admitted as a slave • Preserves sectional balance in the senate b/w slave states and free states • Louisiana Territory divided in ½ @ the 36”30’ • North of the line is free • South of the line is slave

6. Wilmot Proviso (1846) • After war w/ Mexico & Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • California, Utah, New Mexico are closed to slavery forever • Argument b/w free-soilers and slave owners • Free-soilers do not own slaves, farm, and are against the institution of slavery

8. Compromise of 1850 • California admitted to the Union as a free state • Utah and New Mexico territories decide about slavery • Sale of slaves banned in D.C. • Fugitive Slave Act required people in free states to help capture and return escaped slaves • Establishes Popular Sovereignty

10. Popular Sovereignty • The right of residents of a territory to vote for or against slavery when becoming a state. • “People Power”

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Divides territory in ½ • Nebraska to the North • Kansas to the South • Repeals the Missouri Compromise • Tests the policy of popular sovereignty • Violence erupts • People are murdered • Nicknamed “Bleeding Kansas”

14. Long-Term Causes Conflict over Slavery in territories Economic differences b/w North and South Tariffs of 1816, 1828, 1832 Conflict b/w states’ rights and Fed. Control Tariffs, slavery Immediate Cause Election of Lincoln South feels that their political voice will no longer be heard Secession of Southern States Firing on Ft. Sumter Causes of Civil War

15. Election of 1860

16. Lincoln’s First Inaugural • “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you…. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect, and defect.” • What is the leading issue heading into the Civil War for the nation? • If you were in the shoes of Abraham Lincoln, how would you address the major nation-splitting issue of slavery? What would you do to try to reconcile the nation?

18. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) His slave master brought him to live for a time in free territory and the free state of Illinois, but eventually returned to Missouri (slave state). Dred Scott felt that because he had lived in a free territory, he should be free. Decision: Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not and could never be citizens. Dred Scott had no right to even file a lawsuit and remained enslaved. Question: How does this case relate to the case of Marbury v. Madison?