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Year 9 History Revision . The world at the start of the 20 th Century. The world was one which was hungry for EMPIRE. Britain was living off the riches of the Empire gained in the previous 200 years. Other countries such as the newly formed Germany were envious and wanted the same.
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The world at the start of the 20th Century. • The world was one which was hungry for EMPIRE. • Britain was living off the riches of the Empire gained in the previous 200 years. • Other countries such as the newly formed Germany were envious and wanted the same.
Make sure you know what an empire is!Which is the correct definition? Countries that are abroad from others Countries owned and ruled by another. An extensive group of states or countries ruled over by a single monarch, an oligarchy, or a sovereign state
How did empire and gangs lead to World War One? Triple Alliance Triple Entente Who, when and why? Can you remember?
The Black Hand Assassinate Franz Ferdinand….. Who? Where? Why? How? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbfhH6aK8vI
Was this assassination more important than the formation of gangs in starting the war?Can you WRITE and ARGUMENT for BOTH SIDES can YOU JUSTIFY YOUR OWN VIEWPOINT?
World War One. • Started 28th July 1914 Ended 11th November 1918 • War to end all wars • The “Great War” • 16 million killed • 20 million wounded.
World War One Can you remember? What was it like in the trenches? Why it was fought in trenches? Where the trenches were? What the soldiers did in the trenches?
Can you name these trench features? a b d c e Can you remember what these features were called? And what they were for? f g i h
LICE: Due to the fact that there was little fresh water in the front line, soldiers did not get a great deal of time to wash. This meant they became INFESTED with LICE and ITCH MITES. These were not only an irritation to the soldiers but they were a means of spreading diseases such as Typhoid.
GAS. Gas was first used by the Germans in the Battle of the Somme. It had DEVESTATING EFFECTS. Gas would burn The eyeballs, burn the throat, and the skin. This was what Worried soldiers. After a gas attack it would sit on the water, And burn soldiers when they went “Over The TOP”. This Would then turn to GANGRENE. This was often FATAL. Due to the poor medical provision on the front line.
These men were returning from the front after a gas attack Which blinded them all.
CONSTANT SHELLING The trenches never slept, the troops were under constant firing from the trenches often just meters away. Soldiers were constantly petrified that death was just around the corner. This fear sent many soldiers mad with SHELL SHOCK.
Rats: They were hated by the troops, they swarmed in the trenches, they gorged themselves on the ever growing supply of dead bodies. Some grew to the size of small dogs. They were also a means of spreading disease. But when the troops ran short on supplies they troops could EAT them!
Routine: The soldiers day was long and the leaders tried to fill it with daily routine. This was to break the boredom and to take their minds off the forth coming attacks. Film Clip to help you: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvYIIuxh2kY
LICE: …………………………………………………….. Gas: …………………………………………………………………………………… Shells: …………………………………………………………………………………… Could you describe all of these things? Routine: …………………………………………………………………………………… Rats:………………………………………
What happened after World War One Ended in 1918? • Armistice 11th November 1918 • Treaty of Versailles 1919 Why did it take so long to come up with the Treaty? Who was involved with the Treaty? What were the terms of the Treaty?
The Treaty Of Versailles What can you remember? Germany had to…… ( 3 things) Germany was not allowed ( 3 things) Germany had to give up…. ( 2 things) To prevent war ever happening again on this scale the ……. Was set up.
Why was this treaty unpopular with Germans? How did it help Hitler come to power? Key Question. How would you answer this? Can you show Historical Knowledge!
The Interwar period. • How had the war changed the world? • What was life like in the period of 1918-1939.
The League of Nations • Set up after World War One to keep world Peace. • It was the idea of Woodrow Wilson the US President. • It was better than treaties and alliances that had started World War One. • It had some major problems • The 42 countries involved found it hard to agree on anything so decisions took ages. • The USA never actually joined, neither did Russia these were 2 very powerful countries that were missing. • It had no army of its own so found it difficult to actually stop any fighting or threat of fighting
Key words that describe this period. Hyperinflation Fascism Unemployment Communism Dictators Hyperinflation Can you explain all of these words and explain how they lead to World War Two?
How did Hitler come to Power? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1uoB1BHScA
How did Hitler come to power? • Try to group reasons together: • Possible groups might be: Fear of communism Hope The Depression Violence
The birth of the Nazi Party The Nazi Party began as the German Workers’ Party (DAP). Hitler joined it in 1919 when it had just six members. Before long, Hitler was running the party and holding meetings in halls and beer cellars. Hitler soon began to attract big audiences. This was due to the fact that he was an interesting and powerful speaker who could get his message across without using a microphone.
In 1920 Hitler renamed the party the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei(National Socialist German Workers’ Party) or Nazi Party. A 25-point programme was launched, including demands for provision to be made for old age, profit-sharing in the big industries and the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles. The party grew rapidly and had 3,000 members by 1920. The Nazi flag helped attract attention. Swastika: an ancient religious symbol
Party meetings As members of opposing parties often came to meetings to boo and heckle, meetings were often rowdy and violent. To deal with this opposition, Hitler set up a ‘GymnasticandSportsDivision’ in 1921. It contained ex-soldiers who liked to fight, especially with Communists. This private army was later renamed the Sturm Abteilung (Storm Troopers) orSA. “A few angry cries, and a man suddenly leaped on a chair and yelled ‘Liberty!’ In a few seconds the hall was filled with a yelling and howling mob … Chair legs smashed, glasses shivered … My storm troops, as they were called from that day on, attacked. Like wolves they rushed in … on the enemy and began gradually to sweep them out of the hall…” Hitler’s account of a meeting in a beer hall in 1921. Once Hitler took over, why did the Nazi Party membership increase so rapidly?
Hitler the orator “Hitler is not a man but a megaphone…” The Observer, 1930. “The atmosphere of general enthusiasm into which the old city has been plunged is amazing and quite indescribable: the peculiar frenzy which has gripped hundreds of thousands of men and women, the excitement and mystic ecstasy which has overtaken them like a holy rapture…they return home seduced and taken in, ready to save the cause…” by the French Ambassador to Germany, on Hitler at the Nuremberg Rally, 1937.
“As time went on he became drunk with his own oratory … and his voice lost its former character through the intervention of microphone … In his early years he had a command of voice, phrase and effect which has never been equalled…” E Hanfstaegl, 1957. What skill put Hitler apart from many other politicians? How do you think this helped the Nazis gain support?
Hitler’s rise – an historian’s view Read the historians’ opinions on why Hitler came to power. Which do you most agree with and why? Zevedei Barbu(social psychologist): “Hitler succeeded not because of a conspiracy of the few but because his movements gave high hope to the many of solving the pressing psychological demands of a people living under conditions of acute stress. Defeated by war and broken by inflation, the … insecure Germans were attracted to Nazism because they felt … their personal problems would be solved…”
What was life like in Nazi Germany? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UD0LGY9lMRM
Portrayal Answers • Explain the purpose of a source. • Then remember to analyse the three c’s. ontent aption • What do they tell you? • What can you learn? • Can you trust it? ontext
