The French and Indian War

1. The French and Indian War Map Activity

2. To begin…. • Let’s start by informally evaluating your present level of understanding of the French and Indian War. Think about who was fighting against whom, causes of the conflict, places where it was fought, major people/countries involved, key battles, the winner of the war, the treaty that ended the war, etc. Where would you place your knowledge about the French and Indian War? • 4-(keypad D) I know something about most of the subtopics above • 3- (keypad C) I know some of the above information, but not all • 2- (keypad B) I know very little of the above information • 1 (keypad A)- I have noknowledge about this war…yet!

3. Control of the Ohio • Both the French and English realized that control of the Ohio Valley was dependent upon a fort at the junction of the Monongahela (1) and the Allegheny(2) rivers, which is the beginning of the Ohio River (3). 2 1 3

4. Fort Duquesne • The French got there first and quickly built Fort Duquesne. (4) 4

5. Braddock’s Blunder The British decided to send a large force under their General Braddock to capture the fort. Braddock refused to take the advice of his colonial officers not to march an army through the wilderness. They recommended he use Indian fighting tactics and organize into smaller units. He built a road through 200 miles of forest so heavy cannon and supplies could be brought along with the army. This was called Braddock’s Road.

6. British Defeat at Fort Duquesne • Near Fort Duquesne in July 1755, Braddock’s army was attacked by a smaller force of French and their Indian allies. Braddock insisted that his men (in their bright red uniforms) fight in the open. His soldiers were slaughtered; almost 1,000 were killed or wounded while the French lost about 20 men. Braddock was killed, and George Washington led the defeated men back to Virginia.

7. French Victories • The next two years brought many French victories. They captured Fort Oswego(6) on the southern shore of Lake Ontario (7) and Fort William Henry(8), south of Lake Champlain(9). 9 6 7 8

8. England gets it together! • A new leader in England was put in charge of the war, William Pitt. Pitt chose the best military leaders he could find and supported them. His efforts brought results. In 1758, Fort Duquesne fell to the British and was renamed Fort Pitt. What do you think it is called today?

9. Continued British Success 10 11 • Next in the war, Louisbourgwas captured (10). In 1759 Quebec surrendered (11) and finally, Montreal (12). These British victories brought an end to the war. 12

10. French Defeat • The French were forced to give up everything they possessed in the region known as Canada and the Ohio Valley. Spain was given land west of the Mississippi River. By 1763, the two dominant countries on the continent were Spain and England. France re-emerges later with the acquisition of Louisiana from the Spanish….but that is a story for another day!!