Topics for Questions 1-5

1. Topics for Questions 1-5 • General Terms • General Concepts • Neolithic Revolution • Ancient Civilizations • Importance of Water • Importance of Agriculture • Maps • Hammurabi’s Code

2. General Terms • Archeologist = Digs, Artifacts, Bones • Great Rift Valley = bones prove evolution, first humans

3. Archeologist = Digs, Artifacts, Bones

4. Great Rift Valley = bones prove evolution, first humans

5. Review Questions • Write a question for the following answer: “An artifact is an object made or modified by human culture which gives information about that human culture when it is later found by archeologists “ 2. Why did Paleolithic (Stone age) people live a nomadic life traveling from place to place? 3. Evidence supports that the earliest humans lived where? (hint: where is the Great Rift Valley?)

6. General Terms • Geographer = Studies the way the environment effects the way people live • Archipelago = Series of mountain tops sticking out of sea (ex: Japan, Greece) • Peninsula = 3 sides by water (ex: Iberian, Manchurian) • Jungle = Moist, Canopied (ex: Congo, SA) • Deserts = Dry (ex: Gobi, Sahara) • Steppes = Grassy highlands (ex: Russia/Savannah)

7. Archipelago = Series of mountain tops sticking out of sea (ex: Japan, Greece)

8. Peninsula = 3 sides by water (ex: Iberian, Korean, Indian)

9. Steppes = Grassy highlands (ex: Russia/Savannah)

10. General Terms • Economist = $$$, goods and services • Barter Economy = Trading goods and services for other goods and services • Free Market Economy = Supply and Demand move freely to determine prices (ex: Capitalism) • Command Economy = Gov. commands supply and demand (ex: Communism)

11. Economist = $$$, goods and services

12. General Concepts • Primary Source = original set of proof, can’t go back any further • Examples: Diary, Journal, Eye-Witness, Auto-Biography

13. What Happened? Consider the Source….

14. Review Questions • Early civilizations relied upon what type of economy? 2. What geographic feature did early civilizations locate by and why? 3. Write a question for the following answer: “Journals, autobiographies, eye-witness accounts, diaries” • List examples of 2 Peninsulas and 2 Grasslands in the world. • How may have Greek geography lead to the creation of individual City-States as opposed to a unified nation?

15. General Concepts • Fact vs Opinion • Fact words: is, are, will, displays, • Opinion Words: good, bad, better, worse, should, can, etc…. expresses judgment or comparison

16. Maps • Political Map = Boundaries and Capitals • Topographic Map = Elevation • Geographic Map = Features of the Environment

17. Political Map = Boundaries and Capitals

18. Topographic Map = Elevation

19. Neolithic Revolution • Neolithic = New Stone Age • People SETTLE = no need for nomadic hunting and gathering • Why? Agriculture and Animals in one spot • Irrigation and Domesticated Animals

20. Sumerians Cuneiform Writing Hammurabi’s Code (eye for an eye) – more unequal than it sounds Fertile Crescent Mauraya and Gupta Zero Golden Age (free flow of diverse ideas) Indus Valley Ancient Civilizations

21. Review Questions • Fill in the blanks: During the Neolithic period learned to plant _________ to grow food and ____________ animals. These discoveries meant that people no longer had to ________to find food. As a result people began to live in _________ settlements. • What kind if map would best be used by a hiker or traveler looking for the easiest travel route? 3. Please write your opinion about the ancient Gupta, Mauraya and Sumerians.

22. Importance of Water • River Valleys • India = Indus • Monsoons = Winds that deliver intense rainy seasons or dry seasons • Mesopotamia = Fertile Crescent • Tigris and Euphrates • The “Cradle of Civilization” as people settled near water • Egypt = Nile • Advanced civilization • Hieroglyphics

23. India = Indus River ValleyMonsoons = Winds that deliver intense rainy seasons or dry seasons

24. Mesopotamia = Fertile Crescent (Tigris and Euphrates)

25. Egypt = Nile

26. Importance of Water • Monsoons – winds that deliver dry and wet seasons • Rain Forest – habitat for thousands of species, natural resource boon • Irrigation – important for agriculture • Desertification – root systems are overgrazed and desert expands… led to Bantu Migration

27. Review Questions • Why did early Egyptian people settle along the Nile River? • What was the early Egyptian form of writing called? 3. Why is the Fertile Crescent referred to as the “cradle of civilization”?

28. Monsoons – winds that deliver dry and wet seasons

29. Importance of Agriculture • Slash and Burn • Cut down vegetation to access nutrient rich soil, nutrients get used up and people move on • Terrace Farming (ex: China, Incas) • Way to keep irrigation water on mountain and hill sides • Hunting and Gathering • Traveling to access food and bringing it back to a “home” • Nomads • Moving ones “home” to follow food sources

30. Slash and BurnCut down vegetation to create nutrient rich soil  nutrients get used up and people move on

31. Terrace Farming (ex: China, Incas)

32. Review Questions • What is the Indian sub-continent surrounded by to the north and northwest? 2. What are the winds that bring rain to India every summer called and why are they so important? 3. Why did the Incas and Chinese use Terrace Farming?