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Russian Declension and Conjugation

This chapter delves into the intricacies of imperfective derivation in Russian verbs. Explore the distinctions between simplex, prefixed perfective, and suffixed imperfective verbs. Gain insight into the rules for I verbs and learn about non-syllabic verbal stems. Discover various nuances and exceptions in imperfective forms.

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Russian Declension and Conjugation

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  1. Russian Declension and Conjugation Chapter 8: Imperfective derivation

  2. Discussion points • Where’s the content? • I would argue that prefixes are NEVER just grammatical or semantically empty; surface form is there for a reason • How big is your paradigm? • Imperfective derivation has been argued to be a part of inflection by some, derivation by others; I think it is derivation myself

  3. More terminology for verbs • Simplex -- this is a verb that doesn’t have any aspectual affixes (prefixes or suffixes), eg. писать, дать • Prefixed (or suffixed in NU) perfective -- this is a verb that has been derived from a simplex verb to create a new perfective, eg. подписать, выдать • Suffixed imperfective -- this is a verb suffixed in -aj+, -vaj+, or -ivaj+, eg. подписывать, выдавать

  4. Some happy news about derived imperfectives • We don’t have to worry about stress! It’s always fixed! • They are all the same verb type, and it’s an easy one: AJ!

  5. Some sad news about derived imperfectives • The distribution of imperfectivizing suffixes is complex (see chart on back of Townsend book) • E takes all three suffixes (-aj+ and -ivaj+ like I, which has the same conjugation; and -vaj+ like EJ)

  6. Some rules of thumb for I verbs • -aj+ for Church Slavonic roots, and Church Slavonic mutations apply: прекратить, прекращать • -ivaj+ if the root ends in a j: устроить, устраивать

  7. What does “non-syllabic” entail? • Name all the types of non-syllabic verbal stems that will insert an -i- when forming the derived imperfective. Give an example of each!

  8. What does “non-syllabic” entail? • R: утереть, утирать • M/N: пожать, пожимать • N,M: понять, понимать • NIM: снять, снимать • ns-A: выбрать, выбирать • Non-syllabic obstruents: сжечь, сжигать; счесть, считать • Non-syllabic roots before NU: прильнуть, прилипать, замкнуть, замыкать

  9. Some more notes and oddities • Lots of random hardenings and softenings when imperfectivizing E verbs… • All suffixes except OVA truncate before the imperfectivizing suffixes • Root vowel o > a before -ivaj+: уговорить, уговаривать

  10. o > e in verbal roots • Infinitives of obstruent stems: тёк, течь • Nonpast of some A stems (where stem final consonant is softened or mutated): причёсан, причешут • Past active participle and past gerund of some D/T verbs: приведший (but note exceptions: мётший, плётший, счётший) • Fill vowel after a prefix is always spelled o

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