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Cloning

Cloning . Mark Flores 11/30/2010 Triad F Dziadek / Hawkinson. What is cloning?. Cloning is the science of creating another organism that is a duplicate genetic copy of another (What is Cloning ?). . Three Types of Cloning. DNA Cloning Reproductive Cloning Therapeutic Cloning

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Cloning

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  1. Cloning Mark Flores 11/30/2010 Triad F Dziadek/Hawkinson

  2. What is cloning? • Cloning is the science of creating another organism that is a duplicate genetic copy of another (What is Cloning?).

  3. Three Types of Cloning • DNA Cloning • Reproductive Cloning • Therapeutic Cloning (programs)

  4. DNA Cloning • Began in 1970’s • It is the transfer of selected cells from an organism to a bacterial plasmid • The selected DNA is then planted in a new host cell, where it will continue to grow and feed off of the host. • Today, it has become a common practice in molecular biology labs (Programs)

  5. Reproductive Cloning • Is the creation of another animal with the same DNA as another existing animal • Process is called “Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer” • Genetic material is transferred from an adult donor cell’s nucleus to an egg without a nucleus and genetic material • The new egg containing DNA from the donor cell is given electric current and chemicals to stimulate cell division • The embryo is transferred to a female host’s uterus where it will develop until birth (Programs)

  6. Therapeutic Cloning • production of human embryos for research • process is not to clone human beings, but to create cells that are used to treat disease, study human development, as well as possibly cloning organs used for human transplants (Programs)

  7. What has been cloned? (Drea) Carp – Tong Dizhou, 1963 Dolly the Sheep - 1996 Cumulina the Mouse – 2000 Mira the Goat - 1998

  8. Why should animals be cloned? • Could be a positive solution to reviving extinct species, as well as saving endangered species from extinction

  9. Resurrect Extinct Species • Subject was an extinct species of mountain goat called the Pyrenean ibex which had been extinct for a few years • Created by scientists who used Reproductive Cloning • A domestic goat was used to conceive the kid • The cloned ibex only lived for a few minutes and died due to deformation of the lungs • The experiment proved that it is possible for scientists to clone an endangered species (Connor)

  10. Save endangered animals from extinction • First clone of endangered species took place in 2001 • Subject was a wild ox called a guar • lived for forty eight hours before dying of infection • Also in 2001 an endangered wild sheep was cloned in Italy (Programs)

  11. What is the benefit of human cloning research • transplants • improve medicine • Answer to infertility

  12. Could be used to create transplants • Therapeutic cloning is hoped by scientists to produce transplants or human tissue • Scientists hope to generate organs from cloned human embryos which would reduce the need for organ donation (Programs)

  13. How this would work • DNA would be taken from the patient and placed into an egg without a nucleus. • After the egg begins to divide, embryotic stem cells would be harvested • Embryotic stem cells are cells that can be transformed into all types of tissue • These stem cells would create an organ or tissue that matches genetically to the patient, which would then be transplanted without the risk of rejection (Programs)

  14. Improve medicine • Therapeutic cloning could also be used to produce healthy cells that can replace those that have been damaged by diseases such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s (Programs)

  15. Answer to infertility • Women, who have no biological or social children, tend to show more signs of psychological stress then those who have conceived (Rader) • Adoption has been the alternative to couples who are unable to conceive children • Reproductive cloning has been thought of as another possible solution to women who are infertile and want children who are “their flesh and blood” (Parker)

  16. “Customizing” Kids • With Reproductive cloning, women could be able to choose the personalities they would like their children to develop • Ex: Athletic, Smart, Social etc. • Women could also be able to customize their child's biological qualities • Ex: skin color, eye color, height, hair color etc. • Effective to women who choose not to marry and stay single, but wish to conceive children (Parker)

  17. Future of Cloning • Scientists hope to use cloning as a source for creating transplants, as donors are becoming rare to find. • Solution to infertility for single women who wish to conceive children without a spouse • Save endangered species • Resurrect extinct species (Programs)

  18. Works cited

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