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CLONING

By : Alberto Pinzón 11R Isabella Rivera , 11C Laura López , 11R Laura Tisnes , 11C Isabel Obregón 11 C Manuela Tafur 11B. CLONING. CLONES & CLONING. Cloning is simply define as: Producing identical copies of genes , cells , or organisms.

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CLONING

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  1. By : Alberto Pinzón 11R Isabella Rivera , 11C Laura López , 11R Laura Tisnes , 11C Isabel Obregón 11 C Manuela Tafur 11B CLONING

  2. CLONES & CLONING • Cloning is simply define as: Producing identical copies of genes , cells , or organisms. • Clone: A group of genetically identical organisms or group cells which are derived from a single parent cell.

  3. TYPES OF CLONING REPRODUCTIVE CLONING: Wanting more organisms with the combination of desirable characteristics of a parent individual is considered Reproductive cloning. THERAPEUTIC CLONING: Known and the cloning process which basic purpose is to produce skin or tissues to treat a patient.

  4. PLANTCLONING: Plants can be easily cloned by taking sample of cells from tissues from the roots , stem or leafs.

  5. ANIMAL CLONING • Animal clones cant be develop from simple body parts. If an animal embryo is divided in the correct stage , each piece can develop into an individual animal. • The same things happen when identical twins are formed.

  6. DOLLY THE SHEEP: 276 attempts • Udder cells and unfertilized eggs were taken from donor sheep's. • The udder cells were cultivated in a low nutrient to switch off their genes. • The nucleus was removed from the egg. • The lacking nucleus egg and the udder cells were joined with a pulse of electricity . • The fused cells develop zygotes and became an embryo which was implanted in sheep. • A normal lamb was born.

  7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbZiOiPVG6c

  8. Difference between SCNT and normal reproduction In fertilization, both the sperm and the egg contain one set of chromosomes. When they join the zygote gets two sets of chromosomes In SCNT, the the chromosomes from the egg cell are removed and replaced by a nucleus of a somatic cell, already with two full sets of chromosomes. So both set come from the somatic cell

  9. THERAPEUTIC CLONING IN HUMANS • Scientists are trying to create human embryos from which embryonic stem cells can be obtained for medical use. • As know , stem cells are unspecialized cells with the capacity of transforming into any type of human cells. • They could be use to replace tissues or even organs that have become damaged or lost in a patient. There is a debate.

  10. CONS Ethical Issues • Every human embryo is a potential human being, they deserve a chance of developing • More embryos may be produced than are needed, so may have to be killed • Danger of embryonic stem cell developing into tumor cells PROS Embryonic stem cells can be used for therapies that save lives and reduce suffering Cell can be removed from embryos that have stopped developing. Cells are removed at a stage when embryos cant feel anything

  11. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) scientists team concluded in 2008 that meat and milk from cows , pigs or goats clones and the off spring of any animal food are healthy and doesn’t have any contradiction to humans health.

  12. SOME MYTHS ABOUT CLONING

  13. Clones are always identical in looks.

  14. Offspring of clones are clones, and each generation gets weaker and weaker and has more and more problems.

  15. Interview with doctor • This part of the presentation is pending

  16. Bibliography • Most of the information presented was taken from: Allott, Andrew. "Cloning." Biology for the IB Diploma: Standard and Higher Level. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. 32. Print. • "WHAT IS CLONING?" What Is Cloning? Web. 17 May 2012. <http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning/>. • http://www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/safetyhealth/animalcloning/ucm055512.htm

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