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BA 471 Management Information Systems

BA 471 Management Information Systems. Hardware Basics. Hardware Basics. Computer Systems Hardware Software Databases (or files) Telecommunications Networks. Hardware Basics. Purpose of hardware Input Processing Storage Output. Hardware Basics. Why you need to know this

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BA 471 Management Information Systems

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  1. BA 471Management InformationSystems Hardware Basics

  2. Hardware Basics • Computer Systems • Hardware • Software • Databases (or files) • Telecommunications • Networks

  3. Hardware Basics • Purpose of hardware • Input • Processing • Storage • Output

  4. Hardware Basics • Why you need to know this • Decide / approve what to purchase • Participate in evaluations • Evaluation criteria: • Performance • Cost • Complexity (maintainability) • Viability (“upgradeability,” future plans)

  5. Hardware Basics - Components • CPU – • Physically: digital circuits on chips • Consists of: • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) • Control unit • Registers • Memory

  6. Hardware Basics - Components • CPU ALU CONTROL UNIT REGISTER MEMORY

  7. Hardware Basics - Components • This is not a CPU!

  8. Hardware Basics - Components • What a CPU does: Execute Instructions • Two phases • Instruction phase • Execution phase

  9. Hardware Basics - Components • Instruction Phase • Fetch instructions – literally, get program instructions and data • Decode instructions – literally, interpret instructions and pass to execution unit • Execution Phase • Execute - Calculate, evaluate, compare • Store results

  10. Hardware Basics - Components Process Input   Output FETCH, DECODE EXECUTE, STORE ALU CONTROL UNIT REGISTER MEMORY

  11. Hardware Basics - Components • Every time an instruction phase and execution phase completes, that’s a Machine Cycle • Performance element

  12. Hardware Basics - Components • How long does a Machine Cycle take? MicrosecondNanosecondPico second • MIPS = Millions of Instructions Per Second

  13. Hardware Basics - Components • “Co-lo” • “MIPS in a rack” • “MIPS on the floor”

  14. Hardware Basics - Components Process Input   Output FETCH, DECODE EXECUTE, STORE --- Machine Cycle -- ~ ~ “Clock time”~ ~ ALU CONTROL UNIT REGISTER MEMORY

  15. Hardware Basics - Components • Speed: “Clock time” = frequency of electronic pulses • Performance element • Microcode • Performance element

  16. Hardware Basics - Components Mark 1 (1940s) IBM 360 Console

  17. Hardware Basics - Components Admiral Grace Hopper (1906-1992) Pioneer in Computing

  18. Hardware Basics - Components • Bits, bytes, hexadecimal • Word length: How many bits a cpu can process at one time • Performance element

  19. Hardware Basics - Components • Memory • ROM v. RAM • Secondary Storage • Tape • Disk (direct access) • Optical • DVD • Flash • Removable/Expandable

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