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Tissues

Tissues. Tissues – group of similar cell types that perform a common function The human body has four basic types of tissue: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Tissues – Epithelial Tissue.

dexter-kennedy
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Tissues

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  1. Tissues • Tissues – group of similar cell types that perform a common function • The human body has four basic types of tissue: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  2. Tissues – Epithelial Tissue • Epithelium is tightly packed sheets of cells that line organs and outer surfaces, as well as the insides of hollow organs, vessels, and body cavities.

  3. Epithelial Tissue • Epithelia are typically anchored on one face, but free on another • The free side is typically exposed to the environment of body fluids • Can be single layer or many layers thick • Function in protection, secretion, and absorption • Epithelial cells are continuously sloughing off and are replaced by cell division

  4. Tissues – Epithelial Tissue • Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue

  5. Tissues – Epithelial Tissue • Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue – inside your cheek, skin cells

  6. Tissues – Epithelial Tissue • Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue – kidney tubule cells

  7. Tissues – Epithelial Tissue • Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue – large intestine

  8. Tissues – Epithelial Tissue • Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Ciliated Pseudostratified Columar Epithelial Tissue - trachea

  9. Tissues– Connective Tissue • Loosely organized and composed of cells embedded in a matrix • Matrixis composed of • protein fibers and • ground substance • Usually binds organs or tissues to one another

  10. Tissues – Connective Tissue • Six different types: • Loose connective tissue • Adipose tissue • Blood • Fibrous connective tissue • Cartilage • Bone

  11. Tissues – Connective Tissue • Loose connective tissue • Most widespread tissue in animal body • Matrix composed of collagen and elastin fibers • It is called “loose” because of the fibers that are loosely woven together • Binds epithelia to tissues, pads the skin, and holds organs in place

  12. Loose connective tissue

  13. Tissues – Connective Tissue • Adipose tissue • Also called fat • Connects skin to underlying structures, pads organs • Used for storage of energy (fat) • Primarily cells; small amount of matrix

  14. Adipose tissue

  15. Tissues – Connective Tissue Blood Cellular component, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets Matrix is the plasma Functions include carrying oxygen and nutrients; fighting infection

  16. Blood

  17. Blood

  18. Blood

  19. Tissues – Connective Tissue Fibrous connective tissue Forms tendons and ligaments Matrix is densely packed collagen fibers running in parallel.

  20. Fibrous connective tissue Nuclei of fibroblasts

  21. Tissues – Connective Tissue Cartilage Cellular component  chondrocytes Chondrocytes secrete own matrix Cartilage cushions joints, forms support for ears and nose Not vascularized, so takes a long time to heal if injured

  22. Cartilage

  23. Damaged Cartilage

  24. Tissues – Connective Tissue Bone Rigid connective tissue Osteoblasts secrete matrix that is composed of collagen fibers and calcium salts Osteocytes maintain the hardened bone matrix Body can make use of calcium from bones if dietary levels are too low

  25. Bone

  26. Tissues – Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Usually attached to bone Produces all voluntary movements Striated Long, thin, cylindrical shape

  27. Striated (Skeletal) Muscle Tissue

  28. Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle Not striated and involuntary Musculature of organs, blood vessels, digestive tract Contracts more slowly and for longer than skeletal muscle

  29. Cardiac Muscle

  30. Tissues – Nervous Tissue Neurons conduct electrical signals and compose the cells of the brain and spinal cord Main functions of neurons are to: Sense stimuli Process stimuli Transmit signals Most cells of nervous system do not undergo cell division

  31. Tissues – Nervous Tissue

  32. Nervous Tissue

  33. Tissues – Tissue Donation • One person’s tissues can improve the lives of as many as 50 people. • Injuries from motor vehicle accidents, burst blood vessels, and drowning are common causes of brain death. • Once dead, brain cells cannot recover. • Brain dead is different than being in a coma or vegetative state. • Tissues can be treated to remove any proteins that a person’s immune system may react to so there is no need for donor matching.

  34. Tissues – Tissue Donation • Types of tissues • Corneas • Eye tissue • Skin • Bones • Tendons • Veins • Heart valves

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