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Minerals

Minerals. Mineral Facts. There are about 3000 known minerals on earth. All rocks are made up of 2 or more of these minerals. Minerals are not rocks! Silicon and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the crust and in minerals Oxygen is the most abundant element in minerals. Gold.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. Mineral Facts • There are about 3000 known minerals on earth. • All rocks are made up of 2 or more of these minerals. • Minerals are not rocks! • Silicon and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the crust and in minerals • Oxygen is the most abundant element in minerals

  3. Gold

  4. Turquoise

  5. Quartz

  6. Sulfur

  7. Magnetite

  8. Azurite

  9. Diamond

  10. How do you identify minerals? • By properties/characteristics • Properties stay the same. That’s why we use them.

  11. Mineral Properties:

  12. Identifying more Mineral Properties • Hardness scratch test • rub minerals against each other • or a glass plate, • finger nail, etc. • Color-varies • Streak (streak test -rub against unglazed tile, powder ) • Luster (shine, metallic, glassy, earth, pearly, greasy) • Density ( amount of matter in a given volume) • Crystal shape (cubic, right angles, perfect cube) • Cleavage( splits easily, smoothly along flat surfaces) • Fracture(does not split evenly)

  13. Diamonds • Diamonds are the hardest minerals • Only diamonds can scratch diamonds!! • A Diamonds internal arrangement of atoms leads to its hardness

  14. Gemstones • Minerals are cut and polished to make gemstones(jewelry) • Includes Amethyst, ruby, emerald • Usually higher up on the MOHS scale(hard) • Would you want talc in a ring?

  15. Scratch Test Examples • Hardness Test Example • 1 Can be scratched easily with fingernail. talc • 2 Can be scratched with fingernail, but less easily. gypsum • 3 Can just be scratched with a copper penny. calcite • 4 Can be scratched easily with a knife but will not scratch glass. fluorite • 5 Can be scratched with a knife with difficulty. apatite • 6 Cannot be scratched with a knife; barely scratches glass. feldspar • 7 Scratches glass easily. quartz • 8 Scratches quartz easily. topaz • 9 Scratches topaz. corundum (ruby, sapphire) • 10 Scratches topaz and all other minerals. diamond

  16. Formation of Minerals • Crystallization from cooling magma • Evaporation

  17. How do minerals break? • 1. Cleavage • Smooth breakage

  18. Rock hammer and goggle • To determine cleavage and fracture, you'll need a rock hammer and a safe place to use it on mineral

  19. Cleavage continued. • Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks. Many minerals break along flat planes, or cleavages—some in only one direction (like mica), others in two directions (like feldspar), and some in three directions (like calcite) or more (like fluorite). Some minerals, like quartz, have no cleavage. Cleavage is an important property that results from a mineral's molecular structure, and cleavage is present even when the mineral doesn't form good crystals. Cleavage can also be described as perfect, good or poor.

  20. Moh’s Scale of Hardness

  21. Fracture • Fracture is breakage that is not flat. The two main kinds of fracture are shell-shaped, as in quartz and uneven. Metallic minerals may have a hackly (jagged) fracture. A mineral may have good cleavage in one or two directions but fracture in another direction

  22. Special Properties • Florescence-glows under ultra violet light. • Magnetic • Electrical (quartz when pressure is applied) .

  23. Internal Arrangement of atomscauses the differences in hardness of different mineralshas geometric patternsis made ofrepeating patterns

  24. Interior of a mineral • The molecules are used to identify minerals • Scientist can see them with a special xray machine • The molecules determine how the mineral will break

  25. A microscopic image shows bacteria covered in electrically conductive grains. Bacteria can use minerals in soil as electrical grids, which helps the microbes generate chemicals they need to survive, a new study says.http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/06/120608-microbes-bacteria-electricity-minerals-chemicals-swap-science

  26. http://tcm.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b2.html • Great Website!! • Mohs Scale of Hardness page

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