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Similarities

Similarities. The peak of Islam’s political and military power All based on military conquest All from Turkic nomadic cultures All absolute monarchies. Differences. All were Muslim but Mughals ruled over a predominantly non-Muslim population Ottomans had large Christian minority

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Similarities

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  1. Similarities • The peak of Islam’spolitical andmilitary power • All based on military conquest • All from Turkic nomadic cultures • All absolute monarchies

  2. Differences • All were Muslim but Mughals ruled over a predominantly non-Muslim population • Ottomans had large Christian minority • Safavids were Shi’ite Muslims

  3. O T T O M A N S

  4. O – Osman: • OSMAN attempts to build a unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (east of Constantinople) • gunpowder & cannons  military strength • 1299 – Ottoman Empire is established

  5. T – Title of Caliph: • Title of caliph (spiritual leader, guide Islamic faith) given to the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire since the 16th century (1500s)

  6. T – Tolerant of Non-Muslims: • Non-Muslims paid a tax, but they were allowed to practice their religion or to convert to Islam.

  7. O – Ottomans were: • The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims and they used Janissaries: young boys taken from the Christian population. Boys were converted to Islam and trained as elite soldiers or slaves to serve the Sultan (Devshirme)

  8. M – Mehmet II: • Ottomans laid siege to Constantinople • Fall of Constantinople in 1453 brought end to the Byzantine Empire • The Ottomans made the city their capital renaming it Istanbul http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqJXxHi6RwQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  9. A – A lot of trade: • Ottomans produced coffee, carpets, and ceramics that were traded along the Silk Road across the Middle East to Asia

  10. N – Notable Ruler: • Greatest of Ottoman rulers, Suleiman I. • Suleiman ruled for 46 years. He was a great military commander, but he is known for his legislation as well. • He codified Ottoman law keeping Islamic faith, took into account Christian inhabitants of the Empire, addressed taxes, and built more schools. Suleiman I 1520-1566

  11. S – Slow decline: • Selim II, inherited the throne from Suleiman but was defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy • corruption & power struggles • Decline of Ottomans

  12. S A F A V I D S

  13. S – Shah Ismail: • Shah Ismail seized much of what is today Iran and Iraq (1501) • Ismail sent missionaries into Ottoman lands • Massacred Sunni Muslims (Ottomans) when he conquered Baghdad in 1508

  14. A – A Religious Conflict: • Safavids – Shi’ite Muslims • Ottoman – Sunni Muslims • In response to the massacre of Sunni Muslims when Ismail conquered Baghdad- Selim the Grim order that 40,000 Shi’ite Muslims to be killed in the Ottoman Empire *Conflict between Sunnis and Sh’iites continues today

  15. F – Foreigners Welcomed: • Safavids were open to foreigners in their empire

  16. A – Army: • Similar to the Ottomans • Used a slave army like the Janissaries

  17. V – Vibrant Middle Class: • Safavids had vibrant middle class • Carpet weaving became a national industry (Persian rugs)

  18. I – Iran: • Safavid Empire is Iran today

  19. D – Downfall: • The Safavids declined after death of Shah Abbas in 1629 • By 1722 Afghanistan tribal armies were taking over portions of the Safavid Empire

  20. S – Shah Abbas the Great: • Safavids reached peak of power under Shah Abbas • Shah Abbas encouraged international trade and the production of silks, carpets, ceramics and metal ware for sale to Europeans.

  21. M U G H A L S

  22. M – Modern Day India: • Mughal Empire- what is now Modern Day India

  23. U – Unified Empire: • After Babur’s (Mughal founder) death, his grandson, Akbar, continued the expansion until most of India was under his control

  24. G – Golden Age: • Political stability and peace = period of growth in trade • MANY REFORMS MADE BY ruler Akbar! • Educated gov’t officials, reorganized tax system, built libraries & schools

  25. H – Hindus Accepted: • Although Muslim, Akbar adopted a policy of religious tolerance for Hindus • He abolished special tax on non-Muslims

  26. A – Art and Architecture • Were well supported by Akbar • Patron of many artists • @ Akbar’s court • Architecture – massive, graceful, decorated with stonework of Hindu themes

  27. L –: Lasting impact of textile industry • The British began to setup trading ports along Western coast of India • Brought elegant Mughal textiles to British markets • Began influence of Britian in India

  28. S – Shah Jahan: • Raises taxes • Shah Jahan built TajMahal for deceased wife • His son Aurangzeb succeeds him and Mughal decline begins

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