1 / 18

Mood Disorders

Mood Disorders. Lesson 25. Mood Disorders. Unipolar depression Mania Bipolar disorder Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) ~. Unipolar Depression. Extreme sadness & despair extent & duration important Prevalence females 9-26% males 5-12% 2:1 females ~. Unipolar Depression.

dezso
Download Presentation

Mood Disorders

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Mood Disorders Lesson 25

  2. Mood Disorders • Unipolar depression • Mania • Bipolar disorder • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) ~

  3. Unipolar Depression • Extreme sadness & despair • extent & duration important • Prevalence • females 9-26% • males 5-12% • 2:1 females ~

  4. Unipolar Depression • endogenous vs. reactive • Genetic component • DZ twins  25% concordance • MZ twins  70% concordance

  5. Diagnosis & Symptoms • Disrupted eating & sleeping • increased or decreased • Impaired concentration • Changes in activity • increased or decreased • Feelings of guilt / worthlessness • Preoccupation w/ death or suicide ~

  6. Diagnosis & Symptoms • NOT • uncomplicated bereavement • organic • Diagnosis • 5 of 9 symptoms • not complete list • duration > 2 weeks ~

  7. Treatment • Psychotherapy • Drug Therapy • Electroconvulsive-shock Therapy • Sleep Deprivation • Light Therapy ~

  8. Etiology • Catecholamine hypothesis • DA & NE • deficiency • Evidence from drug side effects • Produce depression • reserpine – monoamines • propranalol - NE antagonist ~

  9. Monoamine Hypothesis • Fluoxetine (Prozac) • therapeutic effects • blocks 5-HT reuptake • 5-HT modulates other NTs? • usually more than one NT involved ~

  10. Drug Treatment • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors – MAOIs • NT not degraded • more NT in synapse • Cheese effect • foods with tyramine • metabolism  amphetamine-like • risk of cerebral hemorrhage ~

  11. Tricyclic Antidepressants • Indirect agonists • block monoamine reuptake • imipramine, desipramine • Side effects • Sympathetic arousal • Possible overdose ~

  12. SSRIs • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors • Prozac (fluoxetine) • Zoloft (sertraline) • Paxil (paroxetine) • Luvox (fluvoxamine) • blocks 5-HT reuptake • Less effect on NE & DA ~

  13. SSRIs vs Tricyclics • Fewer side effects • less danger of overdose • As effective as tricyclics • Neither addictive • Animals don’t self-administer • negative reinforcement ~

  14. Criticisms • Immediate effects on NT level • Therapeutic effects  2-4 weeks • Explanation? • Compensatory responses • Autoreceptor desensitization • Tetracyclic Antidepressants • Block reuptake & autoreceptors • Faster therapeutic effects • but still a delay ~

  15. Other Selective Reuptake Inhibitors • Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI) • bupropion (Welbutrin) • Also tx bipolar & Smoking cessation (Zyban) • Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI) • Serotonin-2 Antagonists/Reuptake Inhibitors (SARI) • Off-label use of antidepressants • wide variety of disorders ~

  16. Mania & Bipolar • Mania Symptoms • Euphoria • grandiose plans • reduced need for sleep • high risk activities • Bipolar Disorder • Cycling between mania & depression ~

  17. Etiology • Induced by drugs • Monoamine agonists • cocaine, amphetamine, antidepressants • Mostly NE & DA ~

  18. Treatment: Mania & Bipolar • Lithium most common • Dangerous, but thresholds well known • Mechanism unknown • affects almost all NTs • Also • Anticonvulsants • atypical neuroleptics ~

More Related