The Nature and Handling of Organic Slurries

1. The Nature and Handling of Organic Slurries Douglas W. Hamilton, Ph.D., P.E. Waste Management Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service

2. The Nature and Handling of Organic Slurries • Solids Speciation • Suspensions • Consistency • Rheology • Solids Settling • Flow of Suspensions in Pipelines

4. Slurry: mixture of solids and liquids

5. What is a solid? Liquid NO Remains after heating at 103o C for 24 hours Yes Solid Sample

6. What is a solid? Liquid NO Remains after heating at 103o C for 24 hours Yes Solid Sample TS Mass of Solids Mass of Sample =

7. Suspended or Dissolved ? Suspended NO Passes through 1.5 Micron Diameter Hole? Yes Dissolved Sample

8. Hamilton D.W. 2011. Solids Content of Wastewater and Manure. OSU Factsheet BAE-1759. Stillwater, OK:Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service.

9. Suspended or Dissolved ? TSS Suspended NO Passes through 1.5 Micron Diameter Hole? Yes Dissolved Sample TS TDS

10. Distribution of Suspended Solids Hamilton D.W. 2008. Solids separation in manure handling systems. Factsheet 10-02-02h inPork Industry Handbook. West Lafayette, IN:Purdue University

11. Organic or Inorganic ? Fixed Solid Inorganic or Ash NO Volatilizes when heated at 550oC for 2 hours? Yes Volatile Solid Organic Sample

12. Organic or Inorganic ? Fixed Solid Inorganic or Ash TFS NO Volatilizes when heated at 550oC for 2 hours? Yes Volatile Solid Organic Sample TS TVS

13. Solids Species FSS TSS VSS TS TVS VDS TDS FDS

14. Solids Species Crystal Particles FSS TSS Organic Particles VSS TS TVS VDS Soluble Organics TDS FDS Dissolved Salts

15. Consistency D.W. Hamilton, 2011. Consistency of Manure/Water Mixtures, OSU Factsheet BAE-1751.Stillwater,OK: Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service.

16. USDA-NRCS. 1992. Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook. Washington, D.C.: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

17. Rheological Definition of Consistency www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com

18. Settling • Type I Discrete Particle Settling • Type II Flocculated Particle Settling • Zone or Hindered Settling • Compaction

19. Particle Characteristics Fluid Characteristics Factors influencing Settling Collective Characteristics

20. Settling • Type I Discrete Particle Settling • Type II Flocculated Particle Settling • Zone or Hindered Settling • Compaction

21. Discrete Particle Settling

22. Forces Acting on the Particle Fd = CdV2pd2 ρf 2 4 Fg =p d3 (rp- rf)g 6

23. Stokes Law ( ) ( ) dg V2 4 3 Cd ρp – ρf = ρf

24. Stokes Law ( ) ( ) dg V2 4 3 Cd ρp – ρf = ρf Cd = f (ρp,ρf,NFr)

25. Stokes Law Cd = f (ρp,ρf,NFr,Nre)

26. Stokes Law Cd = f (ρp,ρf,NFr,Nre,ψ)

27. Particle Characteristics Density Size Shape Fluid Characteristics Density Viscosity Factors influencing Settling Collective Characteristics

29. Settling • Type I Discrete Particle Settling • Type II Flocculated Particle Settling • Zone or Hindered Settling • Compaction

30. Type II Settling

31. Particle Characteristics Density Size Shape Charge Fluid Characteristics Density Viscosity Polarity Ionic Strength Factors influencing Settling Collective Characteristics

32. Settling • Type I Discrete Particle Settling • Type II Flocculated Particle Settling • Zone or Hindered Settling • Compaction

33. Zone Settling

34. dx dt = Vc Zone Settling

35. Particle Characteristics Density Size Shape Charge Fluid Characteristics Density Viscosity Polarity Ionic Strength Factors influencing Settling Collective Characteristics Concentration Size Distribution

37. Settling • Type I Discrete Particle Settling • Type II Flocculated Particle Settling • Zone or Hindered Settling • Compaction

38. dx dt = V Compaction

39. Suspension of Slurries in Pipelines

41. VM1= 134Cd0.816D0.633Vo1.63 VM2= 54.4Cd0.815D0.633Vo1.63

42. Experimentally Derived Solution