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EARNEST Technical Study

Detailed examination of transmission technologies, control plane technologies, operations and performance, middleware, with insights from industry experts.

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EARNEST Technical Study

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  1. EARNEST Technical Study Kevin Meynell TERENA Bratislava 27 April 2007

  2. Technical Sub-Study Areas • Transmission Technologies • Equipment evolution, next-generation standards, transmission protocols & fibre provisioning. • Control Plane Technologies • Switching & routing matrices (optical & IP), multicasting, IPvX, QoS provisioning. • Operations and Performance • End-to-end performance, network management (optical & IP), VPN provisioning & PERT. • Middleware • Authentication and authorisation infrastructures, mobility, PKI, support for network infrastructure, virtual organisations. The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  3. Technical Sub-Study Panel Lars Fischer (Nordunet) – Transmission John Graham (Indiana University) - TransmissionOtto Kreiter (DANTE) - Transmission Gigi Karmous-Edwards (MCNC) - Control Plane (Optical)Alexander Gall (SWITCH) - Control Plane (IP routing)Stig Venaas (Uninett) - Control Plane (Multicast)Dimitra Simeonidou (University of Essex) – Operations & Performance (Optical)Luca Deri (University of Pisa/Netikos) - Operations & Performance (IP)Simon Leinen (SWITCH) - Operations & Performance (IP)Diego Lopez (RedIRIS) - MiddlewareMilan Sova (CESNET) - MiddlewareKlaas Wierenga (SURFnet) - Middleware (Mobility) The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  4. Completed and Scheduled Interviews • Completed: • 22/01/07 MERLIN Radio Astronomers, Jodrell Bank, UK • 30/01/07 IBM, Teleconference • 07/02/07 Alcatel-Lucent, Teleconference • 09/02/07 Sun, Teleconference • 1-2/03/07 Juniper, Sunnyvale, USA • 27-28/03/07 Cisco, San Jose, USA • 29/03/07 Force10, San Jose, USA • 25/04/07 Liberty Alliance, Brussels • Scheduled: • 28/04/08 SxIP, Teleconference • 11/05/07 Calient, Paris • Alcatel-Lucent, Nortel, Ciena, DTU-COM (tba) The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  5. Preliminary Findings Caveat: So far only interviewed router & ethernet switching vendors. Interviews with carrier-class vendors still to come, and may tell different story. The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  6. Preliminary Findings • Currently only a few OC-768 (40 Gbps) customers, mostly in oil and gas industries • Reluctance to upgrade transport network to support 40 Gbps, as expensive (x20 the cost of 4 x 10 GE) and seen as interim step before higher speed standards. • Running into problems with n x 10 Gbps, due to link aggregation and load-balancing performance. • Cisco, Juniper and Force10 pushing for 100 Gigabit Ethernet standard. • Little interest in separate SDH-compatible WAN-PHY variants (<5% of sales) • 100 GE standard expected by 2009, with implementations by 2010. • How to implement: 16 x 6.25, 10 x 10, 4 x 25, or 1 x 100 Gbps? • Copper standard for 100 GE being considered. • 10 x 100 GE linecards and serial 100 GE possible by 2011. The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  7. Preliminary Findings • Sun backing 40 GE, presumably due to PCI-X and Infiniband limitations. • Some interest in SDH-compatible 80 Gbps (OC-1536) and 160 Gbps (OC-3072) standards. • No mention of OC-256 (13 Gbps) or OC-384 (20 Gbps). • 1 Tbps standard possible by 2020. • Cisco pushing IP over DWDM. • Little need for traditional traffic aggregation (data and telephony) as services increasing provided by IP. • IP can provide much of the management and fault tolerance. • Reduction of equipment and processing needs, reducing per-port cost by up to 40%. The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  8. Preliminary Findings • Equipment consolidation • Multi-terabit platforms with virtualised routing. • 5000-7000 watts for typical 12 x 100/120 x 10 GE chassis. • Tunable transponders on router/switch interface cards. • Wider use of Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADM). • 10 GE expected to cost 1.5-2K per port by 2010. The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  9. Preliminary Findings • Routing scalability becoming problematic (again). • Huge rise in number of hosts, fragmentation of service provider hierarchy, and amount of traffic. • Global routing table now >200,000 entries, which is causing memory and processing problems (0.5-1 GB memory required). • Other reasons – more multihoming, traffic engineering, plus IPv6. • Proposed to split IP addresses into identifiers and locators. [Possible implications for AAA as well] • Improvements to TCP for sustained high-bandwidth transmissions. • Juniper pushing (G)MPLS, but Cisco less interested. The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  10. Preliminary Findings • In Europe different technologies used for higher education federations: • Liberty (ID-FF) • Shibboleth (SAML-based) • PAPI • A-Select • In US: • Mainly Shibboleth • Good news: SAML2.0 makes all of them inter-operable • Shib SAML2 version should be released within 6 months The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  11. Preliminary Findings • Identity Management is big area of interest for vendors • Different approaches to implement federations: • Identity Federations: Liberty Alliance and SUN • User centric-model • Fairly new concept, implemented by Microsoft and OpenID • Abstract identity framework (Higgins, IBM) • Some alliances between vendors • Probably to compete with Microsoft • Trust is a big concern for vendors • The user centric approach seems to guarantee more privacy to the users The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

  12. Remaining Work • End-May: Outline report table-of-contents. • Early-June: Interviews completed. • June/July: Produce draft report. • July: Technical Panel to meet to consider additions, modifications, and further recommendations. • August: Final report published. The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007

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