VTHD Project: French NGI Initiative

1. VTHD PROJECT(Very High Broadband Network Service): French NGI initiative • C. GUILLEMOT • FT / BD / FTR&D / RTA • christian.guillemot @francetelecom.com

2. Presentation Overview • VTHD: french NGI initiative • project objectives • partnership • VTHD network • QoS engineering • rationale • service model • implementation issues • Provisioning & traffic engineering • dynamic provisioning with optical networks • Interworking of IP and X-connected WDM networks • layer 2 traffic engineering • Conclusion

3. VTHD Project objectives • To set up a strong partnership with higher education and research institutions within the framework of french RNRT and european IST networking development programms. • Open internet R&D • To develop new applications and to ensure that they can be put in use in the broader global Internet. • To experiment optical internetworking with two jointed technological objectives: • to assess scalable capacity upgrading techniques • to assess traffic management tools necessary to operate a QoS capable test-bed. • To deploy and operate a high performance network that provides nationwide high capacity interconnection facilities among laboratories at the IP level • that supports experiments for new designs for networking. • with actual traffic levels consistent with interconnexion capacity.

4. Partnership & Applications (1) • Partnership: • France Telecom/FTR&D • INRIA (Computering National Institute) & European G. Pompidou Hospital • High Telecommunications Engineering Schools: ENST ; ENST-Br ; INT • Institut EURECOM (ENST + EPFL: Switzerland) • Data applications: • Grid-computing(INRIA). • Middleware platform for distributed computing • High performance simulation & monitoring • 3D virtual environment (INRIA) • Data base recovery, data replication (FTR&D) • Distributed caching(Eurecom Institute)

5. Partnership & Applications (2) • Video-streaming • Video-on-demand, Scheduled live-transmission, TV broadcasting (FTR&D) • MPEG 1: ~ 1 Mb/s • MPEG 4: <~ 1 Mb/s (adaptative video-streaming, multicast) • MPEG 2: ~6 Mb/s : high quality video  TV/IP • Real time applications • Tele-education (High Telecommunications Engineering Schools). • Distant-learning,Educational cooperative environment, digital libraries • Tele-medecine (INRIA+ G. Pompidou hospital) • High-definition medical images distant analysis & processing • Surgery training under distant control • Voice over IP (FTR&D) • PABX interconnection: E1 2Mb/s emulation • Adaptative VoIP: hierarchical coding • Video-conferencing (FTR&D)

6. VTHD network • 8 points of presence • interconnected by an IP/WDM backbone • aggregating traffic from campuses • using Giga Ethernet p2p access links. • Transmission resources (access fibers, long haul WDM optical channels) supplied by France Telecom Network Division on spare resources. • VTHD Network management carried by FT operational IP network staff in a « best effort » mode. • VTHD network usage • No survivability commitment ( neither for links nor routers faults) • Acceptable Usage Policy: notifiable « experimentations » • partners are committed to have a commercial Internet access

7. Atrium Caen Lannion Rouen WDM Nancy WDM WDM Rennes Paris Back-office WDM Grenoble Lyon WDM Sophia access router Network Architecture • A weakly meshed topology moving towards • a larger POPs connectivity • and peering with IST Atrium network 8 POPs connected to 18 campuses Backbone router

8. FTR&D ENST INRIA FTR&D INRIA FTR&D FT/BD INT ENST Cisco 12000 Cisco 6509 GigaEthernet Avici TSR STM1/OC 3 Juniper M40 Juniper M20 EURECOM FTR&D INRIA VTHD Routers & DWDM systems VTHD: A multi-supplier infrastructure FTR&D FT/BD 2.5 Gb/s STM-16 POS INRIA 2.5 Gb/s STM-16 POS 2.5 Gb/s STM-16 POS 4 channel STM-16 ring FTR&D INRIA HEGP

9. FTR&D INRIA • IS-IS • I-BGP4 AS VTHD Static FTR&D FTR&D FTR&D E-BGP4 INRIA FTR&D HEGP INRIA INT ENST INRIA ENST FTR&D Protection /IP rerouting RENATER (~ 10 s) VTHD: Routing Eurécom INRIA

10. QoS engineering: rationale • Context • VTHD: experimental & operational network • that encompasses both the core network, the CPEs and the dedicated (V)LANs. • that will progressively have FTR&D operational hosts reachibility (VPN engineering permitting) • traffic: VTHD network • interconnects distributed communities (FTR&D, INRIA, Telecom. Engineering schools) • supports bandwidth demanding applications for bulk traffic (metacomputing, web traffic, data base back up) • VTHD supports applications that need QoS guarantees : • VoIP, E1 virtual leased lines, 3D virtual environment , video conferencing • Traffic load is expected to remain low in the VTHD core network with occasional congestion events: a context indicative of actual ISPs backbones. • Objective • to experiment a differentiated QoS capable platform involving all architectural components, even if their functionalities are basic.

11. Grid cluster  Web servers  1 Gb/s 1 Gb/s 42 Web clients Expected VTHD bulk traffic • Bulk traffic is data traffic: • « web traffic »: INRIA WAGON tool • WAGON is a software tool generating web requests • Web browsing user behaviour is simulated using a stochastic process & starting from data traces of actual web servers. • Web servers generate actual back traffic to virtual users requests • WAGON first objective is web server architecture improvement. • Traffic /server:  160 Mbit/s (CPU limited), 7 servers. • Grid computing (INRIA): • Parallel computing using a Distributed Shared Memory between 16 (soon 32) PC clusters. • Processes (computing, data transfers) are synchronized by the grid middleware. • Data transfers are built on independent PC to PC file transfers • Mean traffic level/ cluster transfer:  500 Mbit/s • Data base recovery (FTR&D) • 80 Gigabyte transfers (~ few 100 Mb/s ?)

12. Actual VTHD bulk traffic

13. ¿ À À ¿ Back Office PHB, AC engineering policy manager ¿ ¿ ¿ FTR&D directory À À SLA VTHD BO directory Traffic matrix OSSIP QoS manager correlation engine ¿ Modelling VTHD PE : Ç ¡ ¿ VTHD CPE À À ¿ À ¿ À : Cisco 7206 Switches FE , GE Policy server Policy server VTHD directory À ¿ À DNS/DHCP operational interconnection facility VTHD backbone ¡ : Ç measurements QoS Architecture components • Building blocks integral to QoS engine: • VTHD service model • (PHB, Admission control) • Performance metering (QoS parameters measurem.) • modelling (traffic matrix, correlation engine) • policy based management (policies,COPS protocol) • SLA

14. VTHD backbone Service model (1) • 3service classes mapped to EF and AF Diff Serv classes both for admission control and service differentiation in the core network. • Scheme applied at PEs ingress interfaces • CPEs in charge of flows classification,traffic conditioning, packet marking. • Class 1: Expedited forwarding • intended to stream traffic • traffic descriptor: aggregated peak rate • QoS guarantees: bounded delay, low jitter, low packet loss rate • admission control: token bucket (peak rate, low bucket capacity) • suitable to high speed links: individual flow peak rate is small fraction of link rate so that variations in combined input rate remain low • Class 3: Best effort • intended to elastic traffic • no traffic descriptor, no admission control • best effort delivery

15. Conforming METER QUEUE ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTE EF DROPPER - Feedback AF1 ALG. COUNTER QUEUE DROPPER SCHEDULER CLASSIFIER REMARKING Feedback BE ALG. QUEUE 3 DROPPER VTHD backbone Service model (2) • Class 2: Assured forwarding • intended to elastic traffic that needs minimum throughput guarantee • traffic descriptor: ? • QoS guarantees: minimum throughput • admission control: based on number of active flows & TCP . • whatever the traffic profile, fair sharing of dedicated bandwidth among flows ensures that flow throughput never decreases below some minimum acceptable level for admitted flows (after J.W. Roberts) • assumes that TCP flow control is good approximation for fair sharing • RED algorithm may improve fair sharing by punishing aggressive flows. DS VTHD node • Admission control should keep EF & AF cumulative traffic load below congestion and low enough to enable the close loop feedback to take place properly .

16. Closed loop operation • loose traffic engineering • admission control: hose model - based on local traffic profile and per interf. SLA - not on global network status - unknown local traffic profile per outgress /destination • traffic dynamics - Topology changes may require admission control & service model to be re-engineered to meet SLAs. - Relevant times scales (minutes to hours) are not consistent with capacity planning.

17. Implementation issues • Admission control: • EF class: PIRC only supported on GE line cards on Cisco GSR • PIRC is lightweight CAR: no access-group, dscp, or qos-group matching is available; rule matches *all* traffic inbound on that interface. • AF class: status information on active flows not available (classification and filtering rules enforcement at the flow granularity level with Internet II Juniper processor) • AF flows aggregate filtering based on token bucket descriptor • appropriate token bucket parameters ? • Performance metering • On shelve tools for passive measurements at backbone border are not available at Gb/s rate • Policy based management • COPS protocol not supported by Cisco GSR, Juniper M40, Avici TSR • & many other issues to be addressed: QoS policies, SLA/SLS definition, correlation engine,….

18. Dynamic provisioning & optical networks • IP pervasiveness & WDM optical technologies are key drivers for: • high demand for bandwidth & transmission cost lowering. which in turn lead to • exponential traffic growth and huge deployment of transport capacities • Exponential nature of traffic growth shifts network capacity planning paradigm from: • fine network dimensioning to • coarse network dimensioning for pre-provisioned transport networks. • Coarse network dimensioning and elastic demand for networking services shift the business model from demand driven to supply driven which in turn calls for. • new service velocity : fast lambda provisioning • arbitrary transport architecture for scalibility & flexibility: shift from ring-based to meshed topology • efficient and open management systems • wider SLA capability • rapid response to dynamic network traffic and failure conditions

19. IP control network 12 34 …….. …… 12 34 …….. …… 12 34 …….. …… Out of band control channel 12 34 …….. …… MP(Lambda)S optical networks • Soft-ware centric architecture leveraging on IP protocols • Distributed link state routing protocol: OSPF, (PNNI) • Signaling: Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) / CR-LDP (RSVP-TE) • : LDP queries OSPF for the optimal route, resources are checked prior to path set-up • IP control plane interconnection facility decoupled from data plane. • IP router address (control) + “IP” switch address (data) per X-connect. « optical » X-connect

20. VTHD Configuration Rennes Paris AUB • Sycamore opaque LSA features • Switch Capability LSA • Switch IP address • Minimum grooming unit supported by the node • Identified user groups that have reserved and available grooming resources • User groups resources to be pre-emptable • Software revision • Trunk Group LSA • Administrative cost of trunk group • Protection strategy for individual trunks within trunk group • User group assignment of trunk group • Conduit through which the trunks run • Available bandwidth of the trunk group • Trunk allocated for preemption Rouen Avici TSR 1 l 2 l 2 l 3 l Sycamore Xconnected network 3 l Avici TSR Paris STL Paris MSO

21. Dynamic provisioning for l trunks • TSR Composite Links: bundling of STM16 links • Composite link is presented as a single PPP connection to IP and MPLS • IP traffic is load balanced over member links based on a hash function • Link failures are rerouted over surviving member links in under 45msecs • may be faster than restoration at optical level • Decoupling of IP routing topology (software/control plane) from router throughput (hardware/data plane). • Relevant to IP/WDM backbone router: number of line cards scaled on nbr of l x nbr of fibres. • l - dynamic provisioning for composite link capacity upgrading • pre-provisined transport network: capacity pool • standard or diversely routed additional link (packet ordering preservation) • need signaling between router & optical X-connect.

22. Optical Network UNI UNI UNI-C UNI-N UNI-C UNI-N Internal Connectivity ND ND Client Client ONE UNI-N UNI-N ONE:Optical Network Element ND UNI ND UNI UNI-C UNI-C ND: UNI neighbor discovery Client Client O-UNI signaling • UNI signaling : • OIF draft: oif2000.125.3 • signaling protocols: RSVP-TE or CR-LDP • Avici & Sycamore first release scheduled next June • VTHD experiment: Avici/FTR&D/Sycamore partnership • UNI functions : • Connection creation, deletion, status enquiry • Modification of connection properties • End points • Service bandwidth • Protection/restoration requirements • Neighbor discovery • Bootstrap the IP control channel • Establish basic configuration • Discover port connectivity • Address resolution • registration • query • client addresses type: IPv4, IPv6, ITU-T E.164, ANSI DCC ATM End System Address address , NSAP) • COP usage for UNI for outsourcing policy provisioning within the optical domain

23. Conclusion • Where do we stand now • French partnership kernel. • IP network deployment completed • Partners usage and related applications rising up. • Sycamore platform lab tests. • What ’s to come • VPN service provisioning (first IPSEC based then MPLS based) to enable secured usage from « regular » hosts. • QoS capable test-bed. • IPv6 service provisioning. • New applications/services support within the RNRT/ RNTL or IST framework ?

24. Thank you!