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Smart Cities: Low Carbon Solutions

Smart Cities: Low Carbon Solutions. Per Sieverts Nielsen Urban Challenge Summer School 16 August 2016. Content. Introduction Danish renewable energy sources Copenhagen Climate Plan 2025 Aspects of the energy system at Nordhavnen. EU climate targets. Danish national energy plan.

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Smart Cities: Low Carbon Solutions

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  1. Smart Cities: Low Carbon Solutions Per Sieverts Nielsen Urban Challenge Summer School 16 August 2016

  2. Content Introduction Danish renewable energy sources Copenhagen Climate Plan 2025 Aspects of the energy system at Nordhavnen

  3. EU climate targets

  4. Danish national energy plan

  5. CITIES: Centre for IT Intelligent Energy Solution in Cities CITIES is a research centre, which aims at integrating smart ICT solutions and low carbon solutions in all aspects of the energy system.

  6. Development in Danish energy consumption http://www.ens.dk/en/info/news-danish-energy-agency/renewables-cover-more-half-electricity-consumption

  7. Supply Solutions – Renewable energy sources Power from wind Power from solar PV Heat from solar thermal Heat and power from Biomass Etc.

  8. Wind and biomass in the Danish energy system http://ing.dk/artikel/vi-importerer-traepiller-i-tonsvis-og-lader-halmen-radne-pa-markerne-105947 http://www.energinet.dk/EN/KLIMA-OG-MILJOE/Miljoerapportering/Elproduktion-i-Danmark/Sider/Elproduktion-i-Danmark.aspx

  9. Solar PV in Denmark Solar influx in Denmark Solar PV systems in DK

  10. Wind in Denmark Wind resources in Denmark

  11. Biomass resources in Denmark Production of manure in Denmark Straw surplus in Denmark

  12. Bioenergy in Denmark Tonnes of woodpellets per year Cooperativre plants Farm biogas plants Industrial plants Landfill plants Waste water treatment plants

  13. Power production – Import/Export

  14. Electricity production (green) and electricity consumption (grey)

  15. The changes in the Danish power system Energinet.dk (presentation by Henning Parbo at Cambridge University, 2014)

  16. Change towards smart netvorks or decentral solutions From centralised to decentralised production

  17. District heating in Danmark http://www.fjernvarme.info/Udbredelse-i-DK.261.aspx

  18. District heating in Greater Copenhagen http://www.hofor.dk/fjernvarme/hvor-kommer-fjernvarmen-fra/

  19. Urbanisation In 2014, the urban population accounted for 54% of the total global population, up from 34% in 1960. The expectation is that the urban population will be increasing 1.84% per year between 2015 and 2020, 1.63% per year between 2020 and 2025, and 1.44% per year between 2025 and 2030. Copenhagen is modest at a current growth rate of 0.2% goes up with 1200 people per year. C40 points out that while cities only occupy about 2% of the world’s landmass, they account for more than two thirds of global energy consumption and more than 70% of global CO2-emissions.

  20. More copenhageners - less carbon emissions

  21. Copenhagen climate targets and green growth • Broad political consensus on climate plan to make Copenhagen Carbon Neutral by 2025 • Growth and climate action are each others prerequisites • Focus on growth, employment and new technology • Enforcing the Danish cleantech sector

  22. How to achieve Carbon Neutrality? • Wide range of activities and areas of focus integrated into budget • Energy production as key area providing 2/3 of the planned • Innovation and Demonstration Projects • Partnerships with businesses and universities • North Harbour as test case CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS IN ENERGY SUPPLY GREENING OF TRANSPORT BUILDINGS WITH GREAT ENERGY COPENHAGEN AND CLIMATE CLIMATE AS PART OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTION

  23. CO2 reduction in Copenhagen

  24. Copenhagen – a green growth role model • A political level that takes the lead • Cyclists • High share of renewable energy • Clean water in the harbour • District heating + cooling • Integrated public transport

  25. Copenhagen cooperates with many stakeholders

  26. Definition of Smart City Else Kloppenborg et al, 2015: Transformation agenda for Copenhagen (D2.2) Copenhagen had a cross department process in 2013 for deciding their definition of Smart Cities • Use of data • Use of new technologies/using old technologies in new ways • Efficient use of resources • New ways to involve citizens and stakeholders • Innovation or technology-based growth • Public-private partnerships • Solve more than one problem at a time.

  27. Alternative definition of Smart City A SMART CITY – is a city that thinks about how it works: • A city that is adapting to current and future challenges and demands • A city that learns to handle for changing demographics • A city that creates an attractive place to live and work • A city that makes intelligent, efficient and sustainable use of natural resources • A city that decides on and controls the necessary public infrastructure • A city that can work with private expertise and excellence in efficient sustainable service provision • A city that can make use of private companies to implement innovate solutions for the challenges ahead • A city that is able to deliver in a low carbon economy

  28. Data & ICT The idea in Copenhagen is to apply the means of data & ICT to a few areas first: Climate, energy, mobility, citizen services and, cross-cutting these themes while allowing for yet others: innovation and growth. More areas may be added before the strategy is adopted. The focus has shifted from a very open approach with an emphasis on the use of technology, data & ICT in particular, to a more goal-oriented approach in which the areas that should be supported are named (e.g. climate, energy, mobility etc.). This outlined shift reflects a typical result of coordination across the City Administration. And the outcome of this process has increasingly evolved into a more comprehensive smart city understanding.

  29. Background and Status of CPH 2015 Copenhagen City’s ambition to become the world’s first carbon neutral capital by 2025. The current status (as of 2014) is that overall the City is well on track. The current climate plan: CPH 2025 commits the City Council to allocate resources on a continued basis to reach the goal. A total of 2.7 billion DKK (€ 363 million) public money was agreed for the entire period of CPH 2025, that is, from 2012 to 2025. Second, the roadmap for CPH 2025 includes 65 specific projects, and it includes budgets, time-horizons and desired impact. It makes the climate plan tangible to stakeholders, citizens and observers more generally.

  30. CPH 2025 – contributions for CO2 reductions Energy consumption – 7% of the total CO2-reductions in CPH 2025 Energy production – 74% Green Mobility – 11% The City Administration’s own climate initiatives – 2%, and New Initiatives – 6%

  31. CO2 emissions 2005 - 2025Without initiatives from CPH 2025

  32. Relative share of CO2 emission reduction

  33. CO2-reductions from energy production (74% share of CO2 emission reduction)

  34. CO2-reductions as a result of initiatives in CPH 2025

  35. HOFOR Energy Production in CPH 2025 – accounts for 74% of the planned CO2-reductions. It is therefore very important that HOFOR, the City-owned utility company, supports CPH 2025. HOFOR supports CPH 2025 in a number of ways: The primary strategic action is to substitute fossil fuels with biomass (wood chips) at Amagerværket, the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant, which was purchased by HOFOR in January 2014. Secondly, HOFOR establishes wind farms primarily outside the City that will result in a surplus production of RES relative to the total energy consumption in Copenhagen. This wind power may serve not only to cover energy consumption in the city but also to compensate CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel based traffic in Copenhagen. Moreover, HOFOR creates energy savings in the district heating grids, facilitates energy savings at end-user level, and invests in climate change adaptation (e.g. rainwater management).

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  38. North Harbour – Building for the future Station-proximity planning; city area based on terms of cyclists and pedestrians • 600.00 m2 in the years 2011-2030 • Landowner: CPH City & Port Development • 40,000 inhabitants • A green cruise terminal • 40,000 jobs • Plan Basis in place in 2011, developed up to 2050.

  39. Mobility: the 5 minute city

  40. Energy partnership: Nordhavn

  41. Principles for energy supply in North Harbour Basic supply ensures partial sustainability • District Heating • District Cooling • CO2 neutral power from wind turbines (not located in the North Harbour) according to the Copenhagen climate plan Demonstration Initiatives that create value and Green Growth • Geothermal • Smart Grid integrated with heat production • Land Power for shipping industry

  42. Smart grid District heating Heat storage Geo thermal Solar heating Power plant Wind power Solar power Groundwater cooling Cooling storage Seawater cooling Electric cooling Current Long term Short term

  43. Concrete Smart City examples/options • Energy system integration • Real-time data • Service architechture • Digital masterplanning – cobled to the physical structure • The smart building • XXX – there are several sectors which can be smart

  44. Technical solutions • Smart Energy • Smart house • Street lights • On land electricitysupply for cruise ships • Electric cars • Lowtemperaturedistrict heating • Districtcooling • Heat storage • Geothermal

  45. Battery in the Nordhavnen ABB/DONG. Power: 650 kW, Energy 650 KWh

  46. 48 19. december 2019

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