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SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES IN TSUNAMI AFFECTED AREAS Subhash Mehrotra President

FIDIC 2005 ANNUAL CONFERENCE Sustainable Engineering – Global Leadership, Beijing 4 – 8 September 2005. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES IN TSUNAMI AFFECTED AREAS Subhash Mehrotra President Consulting Engineers Association of India. Workshop 4, Tuesday September 6, 2005

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SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES IN TSUNAMI AFFECTED AREAS Subhash Mehrotra President

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  1. FIDIC 2005 ANNUAL CONFERENCESustainable Engineering – Global Leadership, Beijing 4 – 8 September 2005 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES IN TSUNAMI AFFECTED AREAS Subhash Mehrotra President Consulting Engineers Association of India Workshop 4, Tuesday September 6, 2005 DISASTER MITIGATION AND REMEDIATION

  2. An earthquake of magnitude 9.0 to 9.3 on December 26th, 2004 erupted a devastating Tsunami in the Indian Ocean. • Huge loss of Human Life • Loss of Habitation • Loss of Infrastructure • Damage to the Eco-System

  3. Rehabilitation works :- • Short Term (Temporary shelters) • Long Term (Permanent Resettlement) • which shall be based upon Sustainable principles. • Sustainable rehabilitation development uses :- • Minimum available resources • Provides comfortable living conditions and • Minimises negative impact on the environment

  4. Integrated Approach • Climate responsive architecture • Sustainable principles at site planning level • Energy conservation through passive strategies • Earthquake Resistant Structural Design • Water management • Waste management at site level.

  5. Generic Guidelines • Climate Responsive Architecture Collect the climate data Provide comfort to the local inhabitant Utilize minimum non- renewable resources. • Sustainable Site Planning Ensure minimum site disruption Maximum usage of micro climatic features Minimum requirement for site transportation Appropriate landscape design and Suitable erosion and sedimentation control plans.

  6. Energy Conservation techniques Reduction of energy demand through passive strategies System Optimization Renewable Energy Forms • Building Material Selection Select materials with low embodied energy content. Use of locally available materials and technologies. Increase use of building products that have recycled content Use adhesives with no/low VOC (volatile organic compounds) emission

  7. Earthquake resistant structural design Simple and regular configuration in plan and elevation. Adequate lateral strength, stiffness and ductility. Important factor 1.5 should be considered for Tsunami affected areas lying in Earthquake zone for the following:- Buildings earmarked for disaster management. Schools, colleges Hospitals, nursing home etc. Places of large Assembly.

  8. Water Management Recycle and reuse of water Rainwater harvesting to recharge ground water Low cost and environment friendly waste water treatment system • Waste management Segregation of waste at source. Waste treatment to generate electricity

  9. Some Rehabilitation Works Corrugated tin sheet shelters built in Allappad, Kerala, India.

  10. Some Rehabilitation Works Outside view Inside view Shelters built in Aratupuzha, Kerala, India. Long halls with plywood partitions and no kitchen.

  11. Nagapattinam, India Permanent shelters are being planned. They are in different stages of progress. 1300 families affected in the village Pazhayar, Nagapattinum, India. Temporarily shifted to 4 km. from affected site area. New site allotted 800mts away and at same sea level of the affected area. Fisher men are objecting to this. But Boat owners prefer site near the sea, so that fisher men can work efficiently. This is being examined further.

  12. The site at Port-Blair, India is being leveled on hillock. It is about 100ft higher than sea level. This site will be used for any future Tsunami. In the existing shed also about 2500 persons took shelter during tsunami on 26 December,2004.

  13. Part of land has gone down by 2’-6” and the seawater has come in this portion. Before tsunami the builder had sold plots in the now sunken area where sea water has come.

  14. Concluding Remarks Sustainable development of Tsunami affected areas is an ambitious project. It would face lot of hurdles and problems in selection of site, allotment to the beneficiary, conflicting interests of various stakeholders etc. Tsunami took five to ten seconds of actual time to destroy thousands of communities. However, it will take five to ten years to rebuild.

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